Potential of Biochar Production from Agriculture Residues at Household Scale: A Case Study in Go Cong Tay District, Tien Giang Province, Vietnam
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Published:
Jun 11, 2018
Keywords:
Biochar Rice straw Residues Alternative energy Sustainable agriculture
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Abstract
This study was conducted in Go Cong Tay district (Tien Giang province, Vietnam) to estimate the potential of using residue from rice production, particularly, rice straw, to produce biochar at household scale. The annual rice yield of Go Cong Tay district is 185,072 tons/year. It creates about 233,190 tons of rice straw per year. Currently, most of these residues are open burned by the farmers. This study examined the experimental biochar production in different modes of combustion (6 h, 10 h and 15 h). The results show that 6 h of combustion is the best condition due to high yield of biochar, less ash and low amounts of incompleted biochar. With 100 kg of rice straw sticks, 48.25±2.25 kg of biochar was produced. The amount of ash and incompleted biochar was low, 0.75±0.13 kg and 3.95±1.33 kg, respectively. The thermal energy of biochar from rice straw is about 4,030 kcal/kg, which is higher than other similar materials such as chaff, sawdust, etc. The suggested model of biochar production is compatible with household scale due to the short time of combustion, high productivity and the method is easy to perform. This practice reduces agricultural waste, protects soil and creates useful thermal energy for household activities (e.g., cooking). The ash created from biochar production can be used for fertilizing.
Article Details
How to Cite
Hung, N. T. Q., Thong, L. K., Ky, N. M., & Han, L. T. N. (2018). Potential of Biochar Production from Agriculture Residues at Household Scale: A Case Study in Go Cong Tay District, Tien Giang Province, Vietnam. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 16(2), 68–78. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/160319
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Original Research Articles
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References
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Harvey OM, Herbert BE, Kuo LJ, Louchouarn P. Generalized two-dimensional perturbation correlation Infrared spectroscopy reveals mechanisms for the development of surface charge and recalcitrance in plant-derived biochars. Environmental Science and Technology 2012;46:10641-50.
Hoang VD, Canh TN, Bien VN, Linh THN. Impacts of biochar and foliar fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato planted on sandy soil. Journal of Science and Development 2013;11(5):603-13.
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Masulili A, Utomo WH, Syechfani MS. Rice husk biochar for rice based cropping system in acid soil: the characteristics of rice husk biochar and its influence on the properties of acid sulfate soils and rice growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Science 2010;2(1):39-47.
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Nam TS, Nhu NTH, Chiem NH, Ngan NVC, Viet LH, Kjeld I. To quantify the seasonal rice straw and its use in different provinces in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Scientific Journal of Can Tho University 2014;32:87-93.
Nguyen BT, Lehmann J. Black carbon decomposition under varying water regimes. Organic Geochemistry 2009;40:846-53.
Nipa T, Patma V, Phrueksa L, Patcharee S. Biochar and rice straw have different effects on soil productivity, greenhouse gas emission and carbon sequestration in Northeast Thailand paddy soil. Agriculture and Natural Resources 2016;50(3):192-8.
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Tingting Q, Xuesong Z, Jianyang H, Hong J. Effects of environmental conditions on the release of phosphorus from biochar. Chemosphere 2013;93(9):2069-75.
Thongchai K, Oanh TKN. Development of spatial and temporal emission inventory for crop residue field burning. Environment Model Assessment 2011;16: 453-64.
Tung SN, Cu XN, Hai XN. Impact of Rice straw burning
methods on soil temperature and microorganism distribution in the paddy soil ecosystems. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 2004;9(5):157-60.
Vaccari F, Baronti S, Lugato E, Genesio L, Castaldi S, Fornasier F, Miglietta F. Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. European Journal of Agronomy 2011;34:231-8.
Vongsaysana S, Achara U. Comparison of the physical and chemical properties of briquette and wood charcoal in Khammouane province, Lao PDR. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2009;7(1):12-24.
Woolf D, Amonette JE, Street-Perrott FA, Lehmann J. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature 2010;1:1-9.
Wrobel-Tobiszewska A, Boersma M, Sargison J, Adams P, Jarick S. An economic analysis of biochar production using residues from Eucalypt plantations. Biomass and Bioenergy 2015;81:177-82.
Yamane T. Statistics, an Introductory Analysis. New York: Harper and Row; 1967.
Zha S, Zhang S, Cheng T, Chen J, Huang G, Li X, Wang Q. Agricultural fires and their potential impacts on regional air quality over China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2013;3:992-1001.
Bergeron SP, Bradley RL, Munson A, Parsons W. Physico-chemical and functional characteristics of soil charcoal produced at five different temperatures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2013;58:140-6.
Cochran WG. Sampling techniques. 3rdEd. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1977.
Danutawat T, Oanh TKN. Effects from open rice straw burning emission on air quality in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Science Asia 2007;33:339-45.
Duong TP, Yoshiro H. Current Situation and Possibilities of Rice Straw Management in Vietnam, 2015 [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Dec 26]. Available from: http://www.jsrsai.jp/Annual_Meeting/PROG_52/ResumeC/C02-4.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO). Rice Market Monitor, 2016 [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Dec 21]. Available from: http:// www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/est/COMM_MARKETS_MONITORING/Rice/Images/RMM/RMM-Jul17.pdf
Gadde B, Bonnet S, Menke C, Garivait S. Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines. Environment Pollution 2009a;157:1554-8.
Gadde B, Menke C, Wassmann R. Rice straw as a renewable energy source in India, Thailand and the Philippines: overall potential and limitations for energy contribution and greenhouse gas mitigation. Biomass and Bioenergy 2009b;33:1532-46.
Harvey OM, Herbert BE, Kuo LJ, Louchouarn P. Generalized two-dimensional perturbation correlation Infrared spectroscopy reveals mechanisms for the development of surface charge and recalcitrance in plant-derived biochars. Environmental Science and Technology 2012;46:10641-50.
Hoang VD, Canh TN, Bien VN, Linh THN. Impacts of biochar and foliar fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato planted on sandy soil. Journal of Science and Development 2013;11(5):603-13.
Jindo K, Mizumoto H, Sawada Y, Sanchez-Monedero MA, Sonoki T. Physical and chemical characterization of biochars derived from different agricultural residues. Biogeosciences 2014;11:6613-21.
Jin SC, Sung HP, Sang CJ, Changkook R, Jong KJ, Min CS, Young KP. Production and utilization of biochar: a review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2016;40:1-15.
Le HA, Hanh NTT, Linh LT. Estimated gas emission from burning rice straw in open fields in Thai Binh Province. VNU Journal of Science, Earth and Environmental Sciences 2013;29(2):26-33.
Mahdi SK, Qian Z, Dunli L, Yuan Z, Hua F, Yunlong Y. Biochar: a review of its impact on pesticide behavior in soil environments and its potential applications. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016;44:269-79.
Masulili A, Utomo WH, Syechfani MS. Rice husk biochar for rice based cropping system in acid soil: the characteristics of rice husk biochar and its influence on the properties of acid sulfate soils and rice growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Science 2010;2(1):39-47.
Mendoza TC, Samson R. Strategies to avoid crop residue burning in the Philippine context. Proceedings of the International Conference on Frostbites and Sun Burns; 1999 April 24; San Salvador, QC: Canada; 1999. p. 2011.
Mubyana VC, Yeboah SO, Ringrose S. Fire and its influence on microbial community structure and soil biochemical properties in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Scientific Research and Essay 2007;2(2):47-54.
Nam TS, Nhu NTH, Chiem NH, Ngan NVC, Viet LH, Kjeld I. To quantify the seasonal rice straw and its use in different provinces in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Scientific Journal of Can Tho University 2014;32:87-93.
Nguyen BT, Lehmann J. Black carbon decomposition under varying water regimes. Organic Geochemistry 2009;40:846-53.
Nipa T, Patma V, Phrueksa L, Patcharee S. Biochar and rice straw have different effects on soil productivity, greenhouse gas emission and carbon sequestration in Northeast Thailand paddy soil. Agriculture and Natural Resources 2016;50(3):192-8.
Norusis M. The SPSS 13.0 Guide to Data Analysis. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall; 2005.
Ondřej M, Peter B, Andrew C, Saran S. Influence of production conditions on the yield and environmental stability of biochar. Fuel 2013;103:151-5.
Rosmiza MZ, Amriah B, RosnizaAznie CR. Impact of rice straw development towards agricultural environment and farmers’s socio-economy in MADA Region, Kedah. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research 2012;54:245-9.
Ruilun Z, Zheng C, Chao C, Xiaohui W, Yizong H, Bo X,
Guoxin S. Effect of biochars from rice husk, bran, and straw on heavy metal uptake by pot-grown wheat seedling in a historically contaminated soil. BioResources 2013;8(4):5965-82.
Shijian Y, Hongping H, Shangling L, Dong Cn, Jianxi Z. Quantification of crop residue burning in the field and its influence on ambient air quality in Suqian, China. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(9):1961-9.
Suzette PG, Jonathan KY, David G. The economic value of biochar in crop production and carbon sequestration. Energy Policy 2011;39(10):6344-50.
Tien Giang Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (TGDOARD). The 2014 Statistical Reports of Agriculture and Rural Development in Tien Giang Province, Tien Giang; 2015.
Tien Giang Statistics Office (TGSO). Tien Giang Statistical Year Book 2016. Hanoi: Statistical Publishing House; 2017.
Tingting Q, Xuesong Z, Jianyang H, Hong J. Effects of environmental conditions on the release of phosphorus from biochar. Chemosphere 2013;93(9):2069-75.
Thongchai K, Oanh TKN. Development of spatial and temporal emission inventory for crop residue field burning. Environment Model Assessment 2011;16: 453-64.
Tung SN, Cu XN, Hai XN. Impact of Rice straw burning
methods on soil temperature and microorganism distribution in the paddy soil ecosystems. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 2004;9(5):157-60.
Vaccari F, Baronti S, Lugato E, Genesio L, Castaldi S, Fornasier F, Miglietta F. Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. European Journal of Agronomy 2011;34:231-8.
Vongsaysana S, Achara U. Comparison of the physical and chemical properties of briquette and wood charcoal in Khammouane province, Lao PDR. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2009;7(1):12-24.
Woolf D, Amonette JE, Street-Perrott FA, Lehmann J. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature 2010;1:1-9.
Wrobel-Tobiszewska A, Boersma M, Sargison J, Adams P, Jarick S. An economic analysis of biochar production using residues from Eucalypt plantations. Biomass and Bioenergy 2015;81:177-82.
Yamane T. Statistics, an Introductory Analysis. New York: Harper and Row; 1967.
Zha S, Zhang S, Cheng T, Chen J, Huang G, Li X, Wang Q. Agricultural fires and their potential impacts on regional air quality over China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2013;3:992-1001.