Growth Response of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus and Shorea roxburghii Seedlings to Astraeus odoratus DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.17.3.2019.25
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Published:
May 8, 2019
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Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of the highly prized ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushroom, Astraeus odoratus, on the growth of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. and Shorea roxburghii G. Don seedlings. The two seedling species were inoculated using two methods: 1) spore suspension of 25 mL/seedling; and 2) hyphal suspension of 25 mL/seedling. On harvesting, it was found that 30-60% of the roots formed by the inoculated seedlings were ectomycorrhizal roots. Seedling development was influenced by the inoculation method and the host plant species. A higher growth response was observed in the S. roxburghii seedlings inoculated with A. odoratus compared to D. tuberculatus seedlings. Moreover, the non-inoculated S. roxburghii seedlings had a lower growth response than D. tuberculatus seedlings, but their growth response was significantly higher than D. tuberculatus seedlings inoculated with a spore or hyphal suspension of A. odoratus. However, there was no difference between the effects of the spore and hyphal suspension treatments. Therefore, both the inoculation methods can be used to enhance the growth of seedlings, especially that of S. roxburghii.
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Kaewgrajang, T., Sakolrak, B., & Sangwanit, U. (2019). Growth Response of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus and Shorea roxburghii Seedlings to Astraeus odoratus: DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.17.3.2019.25. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 17(3), 80–88. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/187929
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Original Research Articles
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References
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25. Riviere T, Diedhiou AG, Diabate M, Senthilarasu G, Natarajan K, Verbeken A, Buyck B, Dreyfus B, Bena G, BÂ AM. Genetic diversity of ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycetes from African and Indian tropical rain forests. Mycorrhiza 2007;17:415-28.
26. Sirikantaramas S, Sugioka N, Lee SS, Mohamed LA, Lee HS, Szmidt AE, Yamazaki T. Molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Dipterocarpaceae. Tropics 2003;13:69-77.
27. Smith SE, Read DJ. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd ed. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press; 2008.
28. Smith ME, Henkel TW, Rollins JA. How many fungi make sclerotia? Fungal Ecology 2015;13:211-20.
29. Tapwal A, Kumar R, Borah D. Response of mycorrhizal inoculations on Dipterocarpus retusus seedlings in nursery. Current Life Sciences 2016;2:1-8.
30. Tedersoo L, May TW, Smith ME. Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: Global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages. Mycorrhiza 2010; 20:217-63.
31. Tedersoo L, Nara K. General latitudinal gradient of biodiversity is reversed in ectomycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 2010;185:351-4.
32. Turjaman M, Santoso E, Susanto A, Gama NS, Limin SH, Tamai Y, Osaki M, Tawaraya K. Ectomycorrhizal fungi promote growth of Shorea balangeran in degraded peat swamp forests. Wetlands Ecology and Management 2011;9:331-9.
33. Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Segah H, Limin SH, Cha JY, Osaki M, Tawaraya K. Inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus arhizus and Scleroderma sp. improves early growth of Shorea pinanga nursery seedlings. New Forests 2005;30:67-73.
34. Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Segah H, Limin SH, Osaki M, Tawaraya K. Increase in early growth and nutrient uptake of Shorea seminis inoculated with two ectomycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2006;18:243-9.
35. Yuwa-amornpitak T, Vichitsoonthonkul T, Tanticharoen M, Cheevadhanarak S, Ratchadawong S. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Dipterocarpaceae in Thailand. Journal of Biological Sciences 2006;6: 1061-5.
2. Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang Z, Zheng Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research 1997;25:3389-402.
3. Aggangan NS, Aggangan JS, Bulan JCO, Limos CAS. Inoculation of dipterocarps Anisoptera thurifera and Shorea guiso with ectomycorrhizal fungi in Philippine red soil. Philippine Journal of Science 2012;141:229-41.
4. Arpha K, Phosri C, Suwannasai N, Mongkolthanaruk W, Sodngam S. Astraodoric acids A-D: New lanostane triterpenes from edible mushroom Astraeus odoratus and their anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Ra and cytotoxic activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012;60:9834-41.
5. Brearley FQ. Differences in the growth and ectomycorrhizal community of Dryobalanops lanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae) seedlings grown in ultramafic and non-ultramafic soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2006;38:3407-10.
6. Brearley FQ. The importance of ectomycorrhizas for the growth of dipterocarps and the efficacy of ectomycorrhizal inoculation schemes. In: Rai M, Varma A, editors. Diversity and Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 2011. p. 3-17.
7. Brearley FQ. Ectomycorrhizal associations of the dipterocarpaceae. Biotropica 2012;44:637-48.
8. Brundrett MC, Bougher N, Dell B, Grove G, Malajczuk NN. Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture. ACIAR, Canberra, Australia: Pirie Printers; 1996.
9. Brundrett MC. Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants: Understanding global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis. Plant and Soil 2009;320:37-77
10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). State of the World’s Forests. Rome, Italy: Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations; 2011.
11. Hoang PND, Tuan DLA. Investigating the ectomycorrhizal appearance of seedlings in the Tan Phu forest enterprise’s nursery, Dong Nai Province. Science and Technology Development 2008;11:96-100.
12. Holuša J, Pešková V, Lorenc F. The impact of artificial mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of common oak seedlings and development of mycorrhiza: Inoculation may not positively affect growth of seedlings. Periodicum Biologorum 2015;4:519-26.
13. Kettle CJ. Ecological considerations for using dipterocarps for restoration of lowland rainforest in Southeast Asia. Biodiversity and Conservation 2010;19:1137-51.
14. Kaewgrajang T, Sangwanit U, Iwase K, Kodama M, Yamato M. Effects of ectomycorrhizal fungus Astraeus odoratus on Dipterocarpus alatus seedlings. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2013;25:200-5.
15. Kaewgrajang T, Sangwanit U, Kodama M, Yamato M. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Dipterocarpus alatus seedlings introduced by soil inocula from a natural forest and a plantation. Journal of Forest Research 2014;19:260-7.
16. Lee SS. Mycorrhizal research in Malaysian plantation forestry. In: Suzuki K, Ishii K, Sakurai S, editors. Plantation Technology in Tropical Forest Science. Tokyo, Japan: Springer-Verlag; 2006. p. 157-66.
17. Lee SS, Patahayah M, Chong WS, Lapeyrie F. Successful ectomycorrhizal inoculation of two dipterocarp species with a locally isolated fungus in peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2008;20:237-47.
18. Mortimer PE, Karunarathna SC, Li Q, Gui H, Yang X, Yang X, He J, Ye L, Guo J, Li H, Sysouphanthong P, Zhou D, Xu J, Hyde KD. Prized edible Asian mushrooms: Ecology, conservation and sustainability. Fungal Diversity 2012;56:31-47.
19. Pavithra M, Greeshma AA, Karun NC, Sridhar KR. Observations on the Astraeus spp. of Southwestern India. Mycosphere 2015;6:421-32.
20. Peay KG, Kennedy PG, Davies SJ, Tan S, Bruns TD. Potential link between plant and fungal distributions in a dipterocarp rainforest: Community and phylogenetic structure of tropical ectomycorrhizal fungi across a plant and soil ecotone. New Phytologist 2010;185: 529-42.
21. Phosri C, Põlme S, Taylor AFS, Kõljalg U, Suwannasai N, Tedersoo L. Diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a dry deciduous dipterocarp forest in Thailand. Biodiversity and Conservation 2012;21:2287-98.
22. Phosri C, Watling R, Martín MP, Whalley AJS. The genus Astraeus in Thailand. Mycotaxon 2004;89:453-63.
23. Repáč I. Ectomycorrhizal inoculum and inoculation techniques. In: Rai M, Varma A, editors. Diversity and Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 2011. p. 43-63.
24. Rinaldi AC, Comadini O, Kuyper TW. Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity: Separating the wheat from the chaff. Fungal Diversity 2008;33:1-45.
25. Riviere T, Diedhiou AG, Diabate M, Senthilarasu G, Natarajan K, Verbeken A, Buyck B, Dreyfus B, Bena G, BÂ AM. Genetic diversity of ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycetes from African and Indian tropical rain forests. Mycorrhiza 2007;17:415-28.
26. Sirikantaramas S, Sugioka N, Lee SS, Mohamed LA, Lee HS, Szmidt AE, Yamazaki T. Molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Dipterocarpaceae. Tropics 2003;13:69-77.
27. Smith SE, Read DJ. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd ed. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press; 2008.
28. Smith ME, Henkel TW, Rollins JA. How many fungi make sclerotia? Fungal Ecology 2015;13:211-20.
29. Tapwal A, Kumar R, Borah D. Response of mycorrhizal inoculations on Dipterocarpus retusus seedlings in nursery. Current Life Sciences 2016;2:1-8.
30. Tedersoo L, May TW, Smith ME. Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: Global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages. Mycorrhiza 2010; 20:217-63.
31. Tedersoo L, Nara K. General latitudinal gradient of biodiversity is reversed in ectomycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 2010;185:351-4.
32. Turjaman M, Santoso E, Susanto A, Gama NS, Limin SH, Tamai Y, Osaki M, Tawaraya K. Ectomycorrhizal fungi promote growth of Shorea balangeran in degraded peat swamp forests. Wetlands Ecology and Management 2011;9:331-9.
33. Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Segah H, Limin SH, Cha JY, Osaki M, Tawaraya K. Inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus arhizus and Scleroderma sp. improves early growth of Shorea pinanga nursery seedlings. New Forests 2005;30:67-73.
34. Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Segah H, Limin SH, Osaki M, Tawaraya K. Increase in early growth and nutrient uptake of Shorea seminis inoculated with two ectomycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2006;18:243-9.
35. Yuwa-amornpitak T, Vichitsoonthonkul T, Tanticharoen M, Cheevadhanarak S, Ratchadawong S. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Dipterocarpaceae in Thailand. Journal of Biological Sciences 2006;6: 1061-5.