Optimization of Lignin Removal from Synthesized Wastewater by Iron (III) Trimesate DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.17.4.2019.26
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Published:
May 22, 2019
Keywords:
Lignin Coagulation-flocculation process Iron (III) trimesate Metal-organic framework Box-Behnken design
Main Article Content
Abstract
Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to study an optimal treatment method of synthetic lignin wastewater effluent from pulp and paper wastewater treatment plants using iron (III) trimesate (Fe-BTC) as an alternative coagulant aid. Fe-BTC was prepared by hydrothermal technique using ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) combined with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid, H3BTC) in deionized water and ethanol. X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the property of Fe-BTC. Three quadratic models of the four factors including Fe-BTC dosage, pH, initial lignin concentration, and slow mixing time were defined with lignin removal efficiency as a response. Treatment efficiency of lignin removal was 50-80% for experimental data and 60-80% for predicted values. Optimal condition was 1 g/L of Fe-BTC dosage, pH 4, and 50 ppm of initial lignin concentration without slow mixing giving 58.34% lignin removal efficiency. The pH of treated samples was below 3 after all processes. Results showed that Fe-BTC enhanced separation of lignin by coagulation-flocculation. Adsorption-charge neutralization is the main mechanism of this process at acidic pH. Fe-BTC separated the wastewater into three layers with Fe-BTC powder at the bottom, lignin sludge in the middle, and clear supernatant at the top. Lignin sludge can be reused and recycled for use in other applications.
Article Details
How to Cite
Pangkumhang, B., Phanthasri, J., Suwannatrai, S., Khamdahsag, P., Lin, C., & Tanboonchuy, V. (2019). Optimization of Lignin Removal from Synthesized Wastewater by Iron (III) Trimesate: DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.17.4.2019.26. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 17(4), 1–10. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/207506
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Original Research Articles
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References
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39. Yang Y, Bai Y, Zhao F, Yao E, Yi J, Xuan C, Chen S. Effects of metal organic framework Fe-BTC on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. RSC Advances. 2016;6(71):67308-14.
40. Zahrim AY, Nasimah A, Hilal N. Coagulation/flocculation of lignin aqueous solution in single stage mixing tank system: Modeling and optimization by response surface methodology. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2015;3(3):2145-54.
41. Zhan X, Gao B, Yue Q, Wang Y, Cao B. Coagulation behavior of polyferric chloride for removing NOM from surface water with low concentration of organic matter and its effect on chlorine decay model. Separation and Purification Technology 2010;75(1):61-8.
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44. Zhu B, Yu X, Jia Y, Peng F, Sun B, Zhang M, Luo T, Liu J, Huang X. Iron and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic metal-organic coordination polymers prepared by solvothermal method and their application in efficient As(V) removal from aqueous solutions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012;116(5):8601-7.
2. Andersson KI, Eriksson M, Norgren M. Removal of lignin from wastewater generated by mechanical pulping using activated charcoal and fly ash: Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 2011;50(13):7722-32.
3. Aqil M, Kamran M, Ahad A, Imam SS. Development of clove oil based nanoemulsion of olmesartan for transdermal delivery: Box-Behnken design optimization and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2016;214:238-48.
4. Archariyapanyakul P, Pangkumhang B, Khamdahsag P, Tanboonchuy V. Synthesis of silica-supported nanoiron for Cr(VI) removal: Application of Box-Behnken statistical design (BBD). Sains Malaysiana 2017;46(4):655-65.
5. Ashrafi O, Yerushalmi L, Haghighat F. Wastewater treatment in the pulp-and-paper industry: A review of treatment processes and the associated greenhouse gas emission. Journal of Environmental Management 2015;158:146-57.
6. Autie-Castro G, Autie MA, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Aguirre C, Reguera E. Cu-BTC and Fe-BTC metal-organic frameworks: Role of the materials structural features on their performance for volatile hydrocarbons separation. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2015;481:351-7.
7. Bezerra MA, Santelli RE, Oliveira EP, Villar LS, Escaleira LA. Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta 2008;76(5):965-77.
8. Bilici Baskan M, Pala A. A statistical experiment design approach for arsenic removal by coagulation process using aluminum sulfate. Desalination 2010;254(1-3): 42-8.
9. Daud NM, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Abu Hasan H. Response surface methodological analysis for the optimization of acid-catalyzed transesterification biodiesel wastewater pre-treatment using coagulation-flocculation process. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2018;113:184-92.
10. Dhakshinamoorthy A, Alvaro M, Chevreau H, Horcajada P, Devic T, Serre C, Garcia H. Iron(III) metal-organic frameworks as solid Lewis acids for the isomerization of α-pinene oxide. Catalysis Science and Technology 2012;2(2):324-30.
11. Duan J, Gregory J. Coagulation by hydrolysing metal salts. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 2003;100-102:475-502.
12. Ferreira SLC, Bruns RE, Ferreira HS, Matos GD, David JM, Brandão GC. Box-Behnken design: An alternative for the optimization of analytical methods. Analytica Chimica Acta 2007;597(2):179-86.
13. Folens K, Huysman S, Van Hulle S, Du Laing G. Chemical and economic optimization of the coagulation-flocculation process for silver removal and recovery from industrial wastewater. Separation and Purification Technology 2017;179:145-51.
14. Ge Y, Li Z. Application of lignin and its derivatives in adsorption of heavy metal ions in water: A Review. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 2018; 6(5):7181-92.
15. Haq I, Kumar S, Raj A, Lohani M, Satyanarayana GNV. Genotoxicity assessment of pulp and paper mill effluent before and after bacterial degradation using Allium cepa test. Chemosphere 2017;169:642-50.
16. Hu X, Lou X, Li C, Ning Y, Liao Y, Chen Q, Mananga ES, Shen M, Hu B. Facile synthesis of the Basolite F300-like nanoscale Fe-BTC framework and its lithium storage properties. RSC Advances 2016; 6(115):114483-90.
17. Huang S, Yang K, Liu X, Pan H, Zhang H, Yang S. MIL-100(Fe)-catalyzed efficient conversion of hexoses to lactic acid. RSC Advances 2017;7:5621-7.
18. Jiang JQ. The role of coagulation in water treatment. Chemical Engineering 2015;8:36-44.
19. Kamali M, Khodaparast Z. Review on recent developments on pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2015;114:326-42.
20. Khamdahsag P, Thongkao W, Saowapakpongchai A, Tanboonchuy V. Kaolin Modified Nano Zero Valent Iron Synthesis via Box-Behnken Design Optimization. Applied Environmental Research 2017;39(2):55-65.
21. Kiattisaksiri P, Khamdahsag P, Khemthong P, Pimpha N, Grisdanurak N. Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol over Fe-ZnO catalyst under visible light. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015;32:1578-85.
22. Kim SC. Application of response surface method as an experimental design to optimize coagulation-flocculation process for pre-treating paper wastewater. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2016;38:93-102.
23. Kun D, Pukánszky B. Polymer/lignin blends: Interactions, properties, applications. European Polymer Journal 2017;93:618-41.
24. Lee CS, Robinson J, Chong MF. A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014;92(6):489-508.
25. Lee KE, Morad N, Teng TT, Poh BT. Development, characterization and the application of hybrid materials in coagulation/flocculation of wastewater: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal 2012;203:370-86.
26. Li X, Guo W, Liu Z, Wang R, Liu H. Fe-based MOFs for efficient adsorption and degradation of acid orange 7 in aqueous solution via persulfate activation. Applied Surface Science 2016;369:130-6.
27. Lindholm-Lehto PC, Knuutinen JS, Ahkola HSJ, Herve SH. Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015;22(9):6473-99.
28. Luekittisup P, Tanboonchauy V, Chumee J, Predapitakkun S, Kiatkomol RW, Grisdanurak N. Removal of chlorinated chemicals in H2 feedstock using modified activated carbon. Journal of Chemistry 2015;2015:1-9.
29. Mahmoodi NM, Abdi J, Oveisi M, Alinia Asli M, Vossoughi M. Metal-organic framework (MIL-100 (Fe)): Synthesis, detailed photocatalytic dye degradation ability in colored textile wastewater and recycling. Materials Research Bulletin 2018;100:357-66.
30. Majano G, Ingold O, Yulikov M, Jeschke G, Pérez-Ramírez J. Room-temperature synthesis of Fe-BTC from layered iron hydroxides: The influence of precursor organisation. CrystEngComm 2013;15(46): 9885-93.
31. Naseem A, Tabasum S, Zia KM, Zuber M, Ali M, Noreen A. Lignin-derivatives based polymers, blends and composites: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2016;93:296-313.
32. Phanthasri J, Khamdahsag P, Jutaporn P, Sorachoti K, Wantala K, Tanboonchuy V. Enhancement of arsenite removal using manganese oxide coupled with iron (III) trimesic. Applied Surface Science 2018;427:545-52.
33. Renault F, Sancey B, Badot PM, Crini G. Chitosan for coagulation/flocculation processes - An eco-friendly approach. European Polymer Journal 2009;45(5): 1337-48.
34. Roopan SM. An overview of natural renewable bio-polymer lignin towards nano and biotechnological applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2017;103:508-14.
35. Sillanpää M, Ncibi MC, Matilainen A, Vepsäläinen M. Removal of natural organic matter in drinking water treatment by coagulation: A comprehensive review.
36. Chemosphere 2018;190:54-71.
37. Sun Y, Zhu C, Zheng H, Sun W, Xu Y, Xiao X, You Z, Liu C. Characterization and coagulation behavior of polymeric aluminum ferric silicate for high-concentration oily wastewater treatment. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2017;119:23-32.
38. Tak Bong-yul, Tak Bong-sik, Kim Young-ju, Park Yong-jin, Yoon Young-hun, Min Gil-ho. Optimization of color and COD removal from livestock wastewater by electrocoagulation process: Application of Box-Behnken design (BBD). Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2015;28:307-15.
39. Yang Y, Bai Y, Zhao F, Yao E, Yi J, Xuan C, Chen S. Effects of metal organic framework Fe-BTC on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. RSC Advances. 2016;6(71):67308-14.
40. Zahrim AY, Nasimah A, Hilal N. Coagulation/flocculation of lignin aqueous solution in single stage mixing tank system: Modeling and optimization by response surface methodology. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2015;3(3):2145-54.
41. Zhan X, Gao B, Yue Q, Wang Y, Cao B. Coagulation behavior of polyferric chloride for removing NOM from surface water with low concentration of organic matter and its effect on chlorine decay model. Separation and Purification Technology 2010;75(1):61-8.
42. Zhang Z, Liu D, Hu D, Li D, Ren X, Cheng Y, Luan Z. Effects of slow-mixing on the coagulation performance of polyaluminum chloride (PACI). Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2013;21(3):318-23.
43. Zhang Z, Wang J, Liu D, Li J, Wang X, Song B, Yue B, Zhao K, Song Y. Hydrolysis of polyaluminum chloride prior to coagulation: Effects on coagulation behavior and implications for improving coagulation performance. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017;57:162-9.
44. Zhu B, Yu X, Jia Y, Peng F, Sun B, Zhang M, Luo T, Liu J, Huang X. Iron and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic metal-organic coordination polymers prepared by solvothermal method and their application in efficient As(V) removal from aqueous solutions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012;116(5):8601-7.