Anatomical and Histochemical Responses of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) to Phytoremediation Ability of Liquid Batik Waste 10.32526/ennrj/20/202100232
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Due to poor management of Indonesian batik waste, pollutants are discharged directly into rivers and absorbed from soil, causing environmental pollution. A phytoremediation strategy was chosen as one of the environmentally friendly and community-implementable solutions. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) is a type of Poaceae plant that is suitable for the phytoremediation process of batik waste. This study analyzed the anatomical responses, distribution of secondary metabolites as defense compounds, and the ability to absorb heavy metals contained in liquid batik waste. Liquid batik waste was applied as plants irrigation at various concentration (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) for 60 days. Vetiver grass was able to grow well in the applied concentrations range. The results showed that vetiver grass roots could absorb Cu metal better than in the leaves. This plant can be stated to be able to absorb Cu better than Al. Liquid batik waste significantly (p<0.05) affected most of the observed anatomical parameters, where concentrations of 75% and 100% were the most influential concentrations according to the DMRT test with a 95% confidence level. The histochemical analysis found that there was an increase in the distribution of lignin, phenolic compound, and terpenoids in the tissues composed of roots and leaves along with the increase in the concentration of the waste applied.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Published articles are under the copyright of the Environment and Natural Resources Journal effective when the article is accepted for publication thus granting Environment and Natural Resources Journal all rights for the work so that both parties may be protected from the consequences of unauthorized use. Partially or totally publication of an article elsewhere is possible only after the consent from the editors.
References
Al-Saadi M, Al-Asaadi M, Al-Waheeb H. The effect of some heavy metals accumulation on physiological and anatomical characteristic of some Potamogeton L. plant. Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2013;4(1):100-8.
Alejandro S, Lee Y, Tohge T, Sudre D, Osorio S, Park J, et al. AtABCG29 is a monolignol ransporter involved in lignin biosynthesis. Current Biology 2012;22(13):1207-12.
Badria FA, Aboelmaaty WS. Plant Histochemistry: A versatile and indispensible tool in localization of gene expression, enzymes, cytokines, secondary metabolites and detection of plants infection and pollution. Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019;3(7):88-100.
Badria FA, Aboelmaaty WS. Chemical, biochemical, genetics, and physiological role of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants via utilization of plant histochemical techniques. Asian Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Research 2020;8(1):12-28.
Danh LT, Truong P, Mammucari R, Pu Y, Foster N. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals, metalloids and radioactive materials using vetiver grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides. In: Anjum NA, Pereira ME, Iqbal A, Duarte AC, Umar S, Khan NA, editors. Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012. p. 255-80.
Darmanti S. Xilem cell wall thickening of soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merr) Var. Grobogan due to double stress interference nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) and drought. Anatomy and Physiology Bulletin 2015;23(2):23-8. (in Indonesian).
Effendi H, Munawaroh A, Puspa AI. Crude oil spilled water treatment with Vetiveria zizanioides in floating wetland. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 2017;43(3):185-93.
Effendi H, Widyatmoko, Utomo BA, Pratiwi NTM. Ammonia and orthophosphate removal of tilapia cultivation wastewater with Vetiveria zizanioides. Journal of King Saud University-Science 2020;32(1):207-12.
Escoto DF, Gayer MC, Bianchini MC, Pereira G da C, Roehrs R, Denardin EL. Use of Pistia stratiotes for phytoremediation of water resources contaminated by clomazone. Chemosphere 2019;227:299-304.
Fajar M, Mediani A, Finesa Y. Analysis of the role of wastewater treatments instalation in the strategy of handling batik industry waste in Pekalongan City. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Geography 2019;84-90. (in Indonesian).
Forgacs E, Cserháti T, Oros G. Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: A review. Environmental International 2004;30(7):953-71.
Gautam M, Agrawal M. Phytoremediation of metals using vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) grown under different levels of red mud in sludge amended soil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2017;182:218-27.
Ghadiri S, Farpoor M, Mehrizi MH. Phytoremediation of soils polluted by heavy metals using Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue. Desert (Biaban) 2018;23(1):123-32.
Gomes MP, Marques TCLL de SM, Nogueira M de OG, de Castro EM, Soares ÂM. Ecophysiological and anatomical changes due to uptake and accumulation of heavy metal in Brachiaria decumbens. Scientia Agricola 2011;68(5):566-73.
González-Mendoza D, Troncoso-Rojas R, Gonzalez-Soto T, Grimaldo-Juarez O, Ceceña-Duran C, Duran-Hernandez D, et al. Changes in the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in prosopis glandulosa treated with cadmium and copper. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Cincias 2018;90(2):1465-72.
Gratani L. Plant phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental factors. Advances in Botany 2014;2014:1-17.
He M, He CQ, Ding NZ. Abiotic stresses: General defenses of land plants and chances for engineering multistress tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018;871:1-18.
Isah T. Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production. Biological Research 2019;52(1): Article No. 39.
Kinraide TB. Reconsidering the rhizotoxicity of hydroxyl, sulphate, and fluoride complexes of aluminium. Journal of Experimental Botany 1997;48(310):1115-24.
Lıska D, Martinka M, Kohanova J, Lux A. Asymmetrical development of root endodermis and exodermis in reaction to abiotic stresses. Annals of Botany 2016;118(4):667-74.
Loix C, Huybrechts M, Vangronsveld J, Gielen M, Keunen E, Cuypers A. Reciprocal interactions between cadmium-induced cell wall responses and oxidative stress in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 2017;8:1-19.
Mazid M, Khan TA, Mohammad F. Role of secondary metabolites in defense mechanisms of plants. Biology and Medicine 2011;3:232-49.
Melato F, Regnier T, McCrindle R, Mokgalaka N. Impact of metals on secondary metabolites production and plant morphology in vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides). South African Journal of Chemistry 2012;65(1):178-83.
Mickovski SB, Van Beek LPH, Salin F. Uprooting of vetiver uprooting resistance of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides). Plant and Soil 2005;278(1-2):33-41.
Minkina T, Fedorenko G, Nevidomskaya D, Fedorenko A, Chaplygin V, Mandzhieva S. Morphological and anatomical changes of Phragmites australis Cav. due to the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals from polluted soils. Science of the Total Environmental 2018;636:392-401.
Mukimin A, Vistanty H, Zen N, Purwanto A, Wicaksono KA. Performance of bioequalization-electrocatalytic integrated method for pollutants removal of hand-drawn batik wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2018;21:77-83.
Muliasari IGAD, Widiastuti. Environmental carrying capacity related to batik waste processing in Giriloyo Batik Village, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Atrium 2010;6(2):131-9. (in Indonesian).
Murti VM, Maryani. Anatomical responses of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) roots and stems to batik wastewater. AIP Conference Proceedings 2020;2260(1):Article No. 030018.
Nurainun, Heriyana, Rasyimah. Analysis of the Batik Industry in Indonesia. Economic Focus 2008;7(3):124-35. (in Indonesian).
Prabakaran K, Li J, Anandkumar A, Leng Z, Zou CB, Du D. Managing environmental contamination through phytoremediation by invasive plants : A review. Ecological Engineering 2019;138:28-37.
Pratiwi DR, Sulistyaningsih YC, Ratnadewi D. Localization of alkaloid and other secondary metabolites in Cinchona ledgeriana Moens: Anatomical and histochemical studies on fresh tissues and cultured cells. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 2020;27(1):1-7.
Printz B, Lutts S, Hausman JF, Sergeant K. Copper trafficking in plants and its implication on cell wall dynamics. Frontiers in Plant Science 2016;7:1-16.
Rahayu T, Pratiwi RIA, Mubarakati NJ. Metabolite profile of kesambi leaves (Schleichera oleosa) based on histochemical and in silico analysis. Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 2021;8(1):156-65. (in Indonesian).
Rahman MA, Lee SH, Ji HC, Kabir AH, Jones CS, Lee KW. Importance of mineral nutrition for mitigating aluminum toxicity in plants on acidic soils: Current status and opportunities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018;19(10):1-28.
Rahmawan AJ, Effendi H, Suprihatin S. Potential of vetiver grass (Chrysopongon zizanoides L.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) as phytoremediation agents for industrial wood waste. Journal Natural Resources and Environmental Management 2019;9(4):904-19. (in Indonesian).
Rajhi I, Mhadhbi H. Mechanisms of aerenchyma formation in maize roots. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2019;14(14):680-5.
Ratnawati NA, Prasetya AT, Rahayu F. Validation of the heavy metal lead (Pb) test method with wet destruction using FAAS in sediment of the West Semarang flood canal river. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science 2019;8(1):60-8. (in Indonesian).
Romdhane L, Panozzo A, Radhouane L, Dal Cortivo C, Barion G, Vamerali T. Root characteristics and metal uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) under extreme soil contamination. Agronomy 2021;11(1):1-14.
Saulle CC, Raman V, Oliveira AVG, Maia BHL de NS, Meneghetti EK, Flores TB, et al. Anatomy and volatile oil chemistry of Eucalyptus saligna cultivated in South Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognisia 2018;28(2):Article No. 12534.
Seroja R, Effendi H, Hariyadi S. Tofu wastewater treatment using vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) and zeliac. Applied Water Science 2018;8(1):1-6.
Singh S, Das S, Geeta R. Role of cuticular wax in adaptation to abiotic stress: A molecular perspective. In: Abiotic Stress-Mediated Sensing and Signaling in Plants: An Omics Perspective. Springer Nature: 2018. p. 155-82.
Steffens B, Geske T, Sauter M. Aerenchyma formation in the rice stem and its promotion by H2O2. New Phytologist 2011;190(2):369-78.
Sutikno. Practical Guidance of Plant Microtechnique. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2014. pp. 28-32. (in Indonesian).
Takarina ND, Pin TG. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and Translocation factor (TF) of heavy metals in mangrove trees of Blanakan fish farm. Makara Journal of Science 2017;21(2):77-81.
Tao S, Khanizadeh S, Zhang H, Zhang S. Anatomy, ultrastructure and lignin distribution of stone cells in two Pyrus species. Plant Science 2009;176(3):413-9.
Thongchai A, Meeinkuirt W, Taeprayoon P, Chelong I. Effects of soil amendments on leaf anatomical characteristics of marigolds cultivated in cadmium-spiked soils. Scientific Report 2021;11(1):1-9.
Ziv C, Zhao Z, Gao YG, Xia Y. Multifunctional roles of plant cuticle during plant-pathogen interactions. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018;9:1-8.