Coagulation Study on Extracted Algal Alginate from Red Algae as Natural Coagulant for Remediation of Textile Dye Congo Red 10.32526/ennrj/21/202200221
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the present study, extracted algal alginate from red algae as natural coagulant was used for removal of textile dye congo red (CR) from water. In developing countries like India, only about 10% of the wastewater being generated is treated, whereas the remaining 90% is discharged into the water bodies as it stands. Color and turbidity are the most common problems in the disposal of wastewater. The removal of color is one of the key challenges in wastewater treatment. For the coagulation process, the synthetic textile wastewater samples had CR concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L and varying initial pH of 4, 5, and 6. Different dosages of calcium and alginate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 g/L) were used to perform the experiments. The obtained results exhibited that the effectiveness of color removal was higher at lower pH 4, and the calcium and alginate dosages are dependent on the CR concentration of the synthetic textile wastewater. These investigations demonstrating the higher efficiency of calcium alginate as a coagulant, where maximum color removal achieved over 95.05%. Increasing alginate dosages and residence times can enhance the performance of coagulation. Dye color is often present in real wastewater and needs to be removed before being reused or discharged to the environment.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Published articles are under the copyright of the Environment and Natural Resources Journal effective when the article is accepted for publication thus granting Environment and Natural Resources Journal all rights for the work so that both parties may be protected from the consequences of unauthorized use. Partially or totally publication of an article elsewhere is possible only after the consent from the editors.
References
Ajoke ARO, Mercy MA, Alhassan KE. Efficacy of chitosan as a coagulant aid to alum precipitation of congo red in wastewater. Academic Journal of Chemistry 2021;6(2):37-44.
Assimeddine M, Abdennouri M, Barka N, Elmoubarki R, Sadiq M. Natural phosphates characterization and evaluation of their removal efficiency of methylene blue and methyl orange from aqueous media. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2022;20(1):29-41.
Chuah TG, Jumasiah A, Azni I, Katayon S, Choong SYT. Rice husk as a potentially low-cost biosorbent for heavy metal and dye removal: An overview. Desalination 2005;175(3):305-16.
Davis TA, Volesky B, Mucci A. A review of the biochemistry of heavy metal biosorption by brown algae. Water Research 2003;37(18):4311-30.
Devrimci HA, Yuksel AM, Sanin FD. Algal alginate: A potential coagulant for drinking water treatment. Desalination 2012;299:16-21.
Ekanayake MS, Manage P. Mycoremediation potential of synthetic textile dyes by Aspergillus niger via biosorption and enzymatic degradation. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2022;20(3):234-45.
Fenoradosoa TA, Ali G, Delattre C, Laroche C, Petit E, Wadouachi A, et al. Extraction and characterization of an alginate from the brown seaweed Sargassum turbinarioides Grunow. Journal of Applied Phycology 2010;22(2):131-7.
Hoong HNJ, Ismail N. Removal of dye in wastewater by adsorption-coagulation combined system with Hibiscus sabdariffa as the coagulant. MATEC Web Conference 2018;152:Article No. 01008.
Huang C, Chen S, Pan JR. Optimal condition for modification of chitosan: A biopolymer for coagulation of colloidal particles. Water Research 2000;34(3):1057-62.
Ikeda A, Takemura A, Ono H. Preparation of low-molecular weight alginic acid by acid hydrolysis. Carbohydrate Polymers 2000;42(4):421-5.
Kawamura S. Effectiveness of natural polyelectrolytes in water treatment. Journal/American Water Works Association 1991;83(10):88-91.
Kharkwal H, Joshi D, Panthari P, Pant MK, Kharkwal AC. Algae as future drugs. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2012;5(2):99-106.
Kristianto H, Rahman H, Prasetyo S, Sugih AK. Removal of congo red aqueous solution using Leucaena leucocephala seed’s extract as natural coagulant. Applied Water Science 2019;9(4):1-7.
Nnaji NJN, Ani JU, Aneke LE, Onukwuli OD, Okoro UC, Ume JI. Modelling the coag-flocculation kinetics of cashew nut testa tannins in an industrial effluent. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2014;20(4):1930-5.
Nozaic DJ, Freese SD, Thompson P. Longterm experience in the use of polymeric coagulants at Umgeni water. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2001;1(1):43-50.
Ozacar M, Sengil IA. Evaluation of tannin biopolymer as a coagulant aid for coagulation of colloidal particles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2003;229(1):85-96.
Pal S, Mal D, Singh RP. Cationic starch: An effective flocculating agent. Carbohydrate Polymers 2005;59(4):417-23.
Palapa NR, Normah N, Taher T, Mohadi R, Rachmat A, Lesbani A. Effectivity of indonesian rice husk as an adsorbent for removing congo red from aqueous solutions. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2021;19(4):255-65.
Pham TV, Tran TV, Nguyen TD, Tham NTH, Quang PTT, Uyen DTT, et al. Development of response surface methodology for optimization of congo red adsorption utilizing exfoliated graphite as an efficient adsorbent. Materials Today: Proceedings 2019;22:2341-50.
Ponnusamy S, Subramaniam R. Process optimization studies of congo red dye adsorption onto cashew nut shell using response surface methodology. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry 2013;4(1):1-10.
Salehizadeh H, Shojaosadati SA. Extracellular biopolymeric flocculants: Recent trends and biotechnological importance. Biotechnology Advances 2001;19(5):371-85.
Simpson NE, Stabler CL, Simpson CP, Sambanis A, Constantinidis I. The role of the CaCl2-guluronic acid interaction on alginate encapsulated βTC3 cells. Biomaterials 2004;25:2603-10.
Sivalingam S, Kella T, Maharana M, Sen S. Efficient sono-sorptive elimination of methylene blue by fly ash-derived nano-zeolite X: Process optimization, isotherm and kinetic studies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019;208:1241-54.
Sivalingam S, Sen S. Efficient removal of textile dye using nanosized fly ash derived zeolite-x: Kinetics and process optimization study. Journal of Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineering 2019;96:305-14.
Vijayaraghavan G, Shanthakumar S. Performance study on algal alginate as natural coagulant for the removal of congo red dye. Desalination and Water Treatment 2016;22:6384-92.
Vijayaraghavan G, Shanthakumar S. Effective removal of acid black 1 dye in textile effluent using alginate from brown algae as a coagulant. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. 2018;37(4):145-51.
Yupin K, Neamhom T, Singhkant C, Sreesai S, Polprasert S. Color removal of pulp and paper mill wastewater using residual eucalyptus wood. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2022;20(4):419-25.
Zhang J, Zhang F, Luo Y, Yang H. A preliminary study on cactus as coagulant in water treatment. Process Biochemisty 2006;41(3):730-3.