Implementation of the Groundwater Live Observation for Water-Quality (GLOW) in Bojong District, Indonesia 10.32526/ennrj/24/20250261
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Abstract
Many developing countries still predominantly rely on conventional monitoring of groundwater quality parameters. Emerging technologies have shown significant potential for advancing automated water quality monitoring in recent years. This study developed the Groundwater Live Observation for Water-quality (GLOW) system, which leverages Internet of Things (IoT) technologies combined with water quality sensors. In future applications, this remote sensing-based groundwater monitoring system holds strong potential for detecting pollutant intrusion in water bodies. The GLOW system was tested during two periods, namely from June 2023 to November 2023 and from January 2024 to March 2024, in Bojong District, Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia. The system employed Aqua TROLL 500 sensors capable of measuring water temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, salinity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The data generated by the GLOW system were transmitted to a website server and subsequently evaluated against laboratory-based data using statistical analyses. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was applied to assess differences between the two approaches. Most parameters showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05), except for TDS and salinity (p=0.02). The Bland-Altman analysis confirmed good overall agreement between the two methods, with small mean differences for pH (0.19), EC (8.45 μS/cm), water temperature (-0.34°C), salinity (0.02 PSU), and TDS (0.01 ppm). Future research should expand monitoring by including nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
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