Genetic diversity of genus Filopaludina in the upper northeastern Mekong Basin of Thailand revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences
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Abstract
This research was applied DNA barcoding tool for the molecular identification of genus \textit{Filupaludina} in Mekong basin northeastern Thailand using mitochondrial-cytochrome c oxidase I (mt-COI). Ninety snails were collected from 9 locations along the river in four provinces (Loei, Nong Khai, Beung Kan, and Nakhon Phanom Provinces,). DNA extraction of individual snail was amplified using COI primers. The PCR products were selected and examined nucleotide sequence before being genetic analysis. The phylogeny analysis suggested that Filupaludina species showed monophyletic with disseminated clades and they were genetically similar to F. martensi. The haplotype diversity observed in Filupaludina species showed 10 patterns of distribution. The genetic distance within subspecies F. martensi martensi and Filupaludina martensi cambodjensis showed mean values equal to 0.1739 and 0.1203, respectively. In addition, the genetic distance within Filupaludina sumatensi polygramma showed 0.3431. Finally, unique haplotypes were commonly found in all locations. These findings revealed that the gene flow of Filupaludina between different locations is limited, leading to the genetic differences that were detected. This study is the first report of the genetic sequence of Filupaludina martensi cambodjensis, and Filupaludina sumatensi polygramma in the upper northeastern of Thailand.
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