Mapping the gender gaps in TVET practices: A literature review

Abstract

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is the formal or informal education and training process centered on acquiring practical or technical skills to improve workplace learning and develop an individual's occupational abilities. However, there are non-inclusive practices in gender in the TVET fields. This study coined them as the gender gaps. This study aims to review various literature on the TVET practices to map the gender gaps. In addition, solutions to bridge the gaps were also identified in the literature. Pieces of literature were reviewed and inductive thematic analysis was conducted with MAXQDA resulting in major themes. For gender gaps, the major themes are gender stereotyping: challenges to inclusivity, culture as factors of gender discrimination, and parenting styles influencing career choices. Policy and guidelines towards equal TVET access and practice, internship and career programs as industry pathways, and community support system towards gender inclusivity are the emerging themes to bridge those gaps. The results of this study may provide insights into the understanding of the gender gaps that may be helpful in the development of inclusive policies and guidelines in the TVET system. Further, this study recommends further inquiry into the gender literature of TVET since there is a limited number of readings available in the field. With the changing and updating nature of the industry, further study on the same nature should be pursued to keep TVET institutions gender-sensitive and gender-responsive.