CHANGE IN THE CONTENT OF BENTONITE, FERRIC OXIDE, MANGANESE DIOXIDE, AND NICKEL OXIDE ON THE APPEARANCE OF CERAMIC GLAZES AT A TEMPERATURE OF 1230 DEGREES CELSIUS

Abstract

     This research aimed to study the changes in the amounts of bentonite, ferric oxide, manganese dioxide, and nickel oxide, as well as their effects on the color appearance and characteristics of ceramic glazes. The basic glaze formulation consisted of feldspar, dolomite, calcium carbonate, kaolin, and quartz. Specific additional substances, ranging from 1% to 9%, were incorporated into the glaze in the following combinations: 1) bentonite with ferric oxide, 2) bentonite with manganese dioxide, and 3) bentonite with nickel oxide, resulting in 27 distinct formulations. The glazes were fired at a temperature of 1230°C in an oxidation atmosphere. The results indicated that all glaze formulations exhibited brown tones with a glossy to semi-glossy finish and were defect-free. The most suitable formulations for potential application in the ceramic industry consisted of 45% feldspar, 10% dolomite, 13% calcium carbonate, 7% kaolin, and 25% quartz, with the following combinations of additives: 1) bentonite in the range of 1% to 6% mixed with ferric oxide (4% to 9%), 2) bentonite (1% to 9%) mixed with manganese dioxide (1% to 9%), and 3) bentonite (5% to 9%) mixed with nickel oxide (1% to 5%).