Effects of Post-Harvest Rice Residue Management on Particulate Matter Generation

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate and assess air pollution caused by rice straw and stubble burning, and to identify appropriate strategies for reducing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Kung Tapao Sub-district, Mueang District, Wang Daeng Sub-district, Tron District, and Korum Sub-district, Pichai District, Uttaradit Province. The research employed secondary data collection from relevant agencies, field surveys, and both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data were collected from 909 rice-farming households and 20 stakeholders, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation. The results revealed that PM2.5 concentrations exceeded national standards between January and April 2024. A strong positive correlation was found between the number of hotspots and PM2.5, PM10, and the Air Quality Index (AQI) (r = 0.788, 0.792, and 0.815, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, it was found that production costs and aging were obstacles to rice straw management. Meanwhile, attitudes, knowledge about fine particulate matter (PM2.5),  land holdings for farming, income, knowledge about rice production, labor, family members and experiences are important contributing factors to sustainable rice straw management. Most farmers see it as a good idea to stop burning in the open air. Landfill and the use of straw as green manure or animal feed are suitable guidelines to reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5).  Policies aimed at reducing the burning of stubble and rice straw should be implemented in tandem with financial support. Strict legal measures, knowledge building as well as integrating community cooperation with government and private agencies to achieve long-term sustainable outcomes.