การกำจัดสารตั้งต้นของสารพลอยได้กลุ่มไตรฮาโลมีเทนในน้ำผิวดินและน้ำทิ้งโดยใช้เรซินแลกเปลี่ยนประจุที่มีคุณสมบัติแม่เหล็ก
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
The main water source for water supply is surface water, which can be contaminated with wastewater and effluent from human activities. Effluent organic matter (EfOM) has different characteristics from natural surface water (NOM). Disinfectant used in water supply plants can react with organic matter and form carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). One of the important DBPs that is regulated in the water supply standards of Thailand is trihalomethanes (THMs). This study aims to evaluate effect of EfOM of THMs formation and THMs precursor removal by magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resins, including MIEX DOC and MIEX GOLD resins. Water samples were collected six different locations along Phong river, Khon Kaen province. Each sampling location represents effect of human activities along the river, including agricultural, municipality, and industrial effluent discharges, which might affect water quality of the river. Water quality parameters before and after MIEX treatment were measured, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and THMs formation potential (THM-FP). The results showed that pulp and paper EfOM had greater THM-FP/DOC compared to organic matter from other sampling locations. MIEX DOC and MIEX GOLD resins achieved DOC removal of 54-61% and 50-62%, respectively. TDN removal by MIEX DOC and MIEX GOLD were 12-42% and 13-53%, respectively. THMs precursor removal by MIEX DOC and MIEX GOLD resin were in the range of 59-75% and 61-84%, respectively. The two resins had preferential removal of aromatic organic matter, which greatly contributed to THMs formation. Overall, MIEX GOLD had greater TDN and THMs precursor removal efficiency compared to MIEX DOC resin owing to its larger pore opening, greater porosity and higher surface area per resin volume.
Article Details
เอกสารอ้างอิง
[2] US EPA. Six-Year Review 3 Technical Support Document for Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rules [Internet]. 2016.
[3] US EPA. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule. 2001.
[4] Leenheer JA, Croué J-P. Peer reviewed: Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter, Understanding the unknown structures is key to better treatment of drinking water. Environ Sci Technol. 2003;1:18A-26A.
[5] Singer PC, Bilyk K. Enhanced coagulation using a magnetic ion exchange resin. Water Res. 2002 Sep;36:4009–22.
[6] World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. 4th ed. World Health Organization, editor. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland; 2011.
[7] Krasner SW, Westerhoff P, Chen B, Rittmann BE, Nam S-N, Amy G. Impact of wastewater treatment processes on organic carbon, organic nitrogen, and DBP precursors in effuent organic matter. Environ Sci Technol. 2009;43(8):2911–8.
[8] Neale PA, Schäfer AI. Magnetic ion exchange: Is there potential for international development? Desalination. 2009 Nov 15;248:160–8.
[9] Gibson A, Golubovic S. MIEX Gold resin: Demonstration at Aireys inlet Water: Water J Aust Water Assoc. 2015;42(2):50–2.
[10] Rajca M, Włodyka-Bergier A, Bodzek M, Bergier T. MIEX® DOC process to remove disinfection by-product precursors. Desalin Water Treat. 2017;64:372–7.
[11] Gan X, Karanfil T, Kaplan Bekaroglu SS, Shan J. The control of N-DBP and C-DBP precursors with MIEX®. Water Res. 2013;47(3):1344–52.
[12] Jutaporn P, Armstrong MD, Coronell O. Assessment of C-DBP and N-DBP formation potential and its reduction by MIEX® DOC and MIEX® GOLD resins using fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis. Water Res. 2020;172:1–11.
[13] Jutaporn P, Singer PC, Cory RM, Coronell O. Minimization of short-term low-pressure membrane fouling using a magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) resin. Water Res. 2016;98:225–34.
[14] Boyer TH, Singer PC. A pilot-scale evaluation of magnetic ion exchange treatment for removal of natural organic material and inorganic anions. Water Res. 2006 Aug;40(15):2865–76.
[15] Summers RS, Hooper SM, Shukairy HM, Solarik G, Owen D. Assessing DBP yield: uniform formation conditions. J Am Water Work Assoc. 1996;88(6):80–93.
[16] Tongchang P, Kumsuvan J, Phatthalung WN, Suksaroj C, Wongrueng A, Musikavong C. Reduction by enhanced coagulation of dissolved organic nitrogen as a precursor of N-nitrosodimethylamine. J Environ Sci Heal - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Subst Environ Eng. 2018;53(6):583–93.
[17] Musikavong C, Inthanuchit K, Srimuang K, Suksaroj TT, Suksaroj C. Reduction of fractionated dissolved organic matter and their trihalomethane formation potential with enhanced coagulation. ScienceAsia. 2013;39:56–66.
[18] Pokhrel D, Viraraghavan T. Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater - A review. Sci Total Environ. 2004;333(1–3):37–58.
[19] Slunjski M, Cadee K, Tattersall J. MIEX ® Resin Water Treatment Process. In: Aquatech Amsterdam. Amsterdam, Netherlands; 2000.
[20] Laolertworakul W, Jutaporn P, Tungsudjawong K, Leungprasert S, Khongnakorn W. Assessing Trihalomethanes (THMs) Formation Potential in a Water Supply Plant Using Fluoresecence Exitation-Emission Matrix. KMUTT Res Dev J. 2020;43(3):257–75.
[21] Drikas M, Dixon M, Morran J. Long term case study of MIEX pre-treatment in drinking water; understanding NOM removal. Water Res. 2011 Mar;45:1539–48.
[22] Na-Phatthalung W, Musikavong C, Suttinun O. The presence of aliphatic and aromatic amines in reservoir and canal water as precursors to disinfection by-products. J Environ Sci Heal - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Subst Environ Eng. 2016;51(11):900–13.
[23] Fabris R, Lee EK, Chow CWK, Chen V, Drikas M. Pre-treatments to reduce fouling of low pressure micro-filtration (MF) membranes. J Memb Sci. 2007 Feb;289:231–40.
[24] López-Ortiz CM, Sentana-Gadea I, Varó-Galvañ PJ, Maestre-Pérez SE, Prats-Rico D. Effect of magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) on removal of emerging organic contaminants. Chemosphere. 2018;208:433–40.
[25] Panyapinyopol B, Marhaba TF, Kanokkantapong V, Pavasant P. Characterization of precursors to trihalomethanes formation in Bangkok source water. J Hazard Mater. 2005;120:229–36.
