Ceramic glaze development by utilizing waste materials: Calcium Carbonate and Glass Cullet
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Abstract
This research aimed to develops ceramic glaze by utilizing waste materials from the industrial sector. Calcium carbonate; by product from the sugar mill process has been selected. Glass cullet is also employed for reducing firing temperature of ceramic glaze. Three main materials used in this study consist of green glass cullet, clear glass cullet, and calcium carbonate. In addition, feldspar was used for comparing with cullet as reducing firing temperature. And local white clay was exploited as the bonding material of body surface. The 32 formulas were conducted for the preliminary experiment. They were kneaded and made cone shaped by hand. Then, they were fired at 1,100 ºC and 1,150 ºC with heating rate 100 ºC/h and soaking for 1 h. After the firing process, 10 glaze formulas which melted were selected for further investigation. Their compositions were modified by adding calcium carbonate again with the ratio 8.33, 7.70, 12.00, 11.11, 15.38 and 14.28 wt. % and then fired at the same temperature as the first experiment. The properties of fired specimens consisting of fluidity and coefficient of thermal expansion have been investigated. It was found that the optimal temperature is 1,100 ºC. The formula 1B, 2B and 5B have the optimal fluidity. Owing to this research aimed to develop glaze coating on Angthong clay tile, coefficient of thermal expansion of 3 glaze formulas and Angthong clay have been tested. Thermal expansion of all formulas was slightly greater than that of the base. The optimal formulas 1B and 2B had been proposed which could be used as ceramic glaze of Angthong clay tile. The composition of formula 1B consisted of clear glass cullet, white local clay, and calcium carbonate, 80, 8 and 12 percent by weight, respectively. While, the formula 2B consisted of green glass cullet, white local clay, and calcium carbonate, 80, 8 and 12 percent by weight, respectively.
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