Evaluating Traditional Knowledge on Climate Change (TKCC): A Case Study in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.17.2.2019.09
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Published:
Oct 25, 2018
Keywords:
Climate change Impacts Adaptation Traditional knowledge Central Dry Zone
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Abstract
Local people in the Central Dry Zone (CDZ) of Myanmar have been facing climatic variability for several decades. They are among the first communities to observe climate and environmental changes first-hand, and are applying traditional knowledge and skills in order to adapt to these changes. We used participatory action research in which a series of group discussions and debates were conducted in community workshops at the village level. Using this input, we analysed the perceptions of the local people about climate variability, impacts, and adaptation practices. The majority of the local people perceived climate change patterns in the CDZ with the increase of temperature and erratic rainfall patterns perceived as the most critical changes. The majority of the people also perceived that the impacts of climate change have already been affecting agriculture and its related sectors, including land and water resources and their livelihood strategies. Most of the local people also perceived that migration of young people away from the communities has gradually increased due to the consequences of climate change impacts. Farmers have already been attempting to cope with those climate change impacts by using locally relevant adaptation measures such as mixed and multiple cropping systems, changing to drought-resistant plant varieties, and using soil conservation measures to cope with water scarcity. In addition, most of the local people perceived that getting information from traditional weather prediction was helpful to cope with drought and erratic rainfall patterns. However, the results suggest the adaptive capacity of the local people in responding to the impacts of climate change can be improved. In this regard, effective adaptation planning relies on the best available knowledge base, and the urgent need to respond to the pressures of climate change has put a premium on the generation, interpretation and use of information to improve adaptive capacity, including improved access to scaling up the traditional best practices of local people.
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How to Cite
Lin Zin, W. Y., Teartisup, P., & Kerdseub, P. (2018). Evaluating Traditional Knowledge on Climate Change (TKCC): A Case Study in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar: DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.17.2.2019.09. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 17(2), 1–29. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/172185
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Original Research Articles
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References
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3. Alessa L, Kliskey A, Williams P, Barton M. Perception of change in fresher in remote resource-dependent Artic communities. Global Environmental Change 2008; 18:153-64.
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18. Glatzel K, Wright H, Makuch Z. Technology innovation and the law - the example of climate adaptation technologies. Environmental and Energy Law 2012;92-116.
19. Grothmann T, Reusswig F. People at risk of flooding: why some residents take precautionary action while others do not. Natural Hazards 2006;38:101-20.
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28. Kindon S, Pain R, Kesby M. Participatory Action Research Approaches and Methods: Connecting People, Participation and Place. London: Routledge. 2007.
29. Kreft S, Eckstein D, Melchior I. Global climate risk index 2017: who suffers most from extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events in 2015 and 1996 to 2015. 2016.
30. Kyi KM. Farmer Vulnerability Admist Climate Variability: A case study of Dry Zone of Myanmar. ICIRD; 2012.
31. Kyi T. Assessment on Vulnerability and Risk for Climate Change Adaptation of Rural Farmers in Central Dry Zone of Myanmar: Farm Level Case Study, Department of Agricultural Planning. Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Government of Myanmar; 2011.
32. Laidler G. Inuit and scientific perspectives on the relationship between seaice and climate change: The ideal complement? Climatic Change 2006;78:407-44.
33. Lorenzoni I, Pidgeon NF. Public views on climate change: European and USA Perspectives. Climate Change 2006;77:73-95.
34. MaCarl BA, Adams RM, Hurd BH. Global climate change and its impacts on agriculture [Internet]. 2001. Available from: gecon2.tamu.edu/people/faculty/ mccarlbruce/ papers/879.pdf.
35. Madison D. The perception of and adaptation to climate change in Africa. Policy Research Working Paper 4308. The World Bank Development Research Group: Sustainable Rural and Urban Development Team; 2007.
36. Matsuda M. Upland farming systems coping with uncertain rainfall in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar: how stable is indigenous multiple cropping under Semi-Arid conditions? Human Ecology 2013;41:927-36.
37. Maung MW, Pulhin JM, Espaldon MVO, Lalican NM. Climate change awareness and farm level adaptation of farmers (Central Dry Zone) in Monywa Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar. Journal of Environmental Science and Management 2016;19(1):46-57.
38. Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI). Myanmar Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy. Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Government of Myanmar; 2015.
39. Morris H, Waterhouse DF. The distribution and importance of arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Myanmar. AClAR Monograph 2001;67:73.
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48. Ole M, Mbow C, Reenberg A, Diouf A. Farmers’ perceptions of climate change and agricultural adaptation strategies in rural Sahel. Environmental Management 2009;43:804-16.
49. Oo AT, Huylenbroeck GV, Speelman S. Determining factors for the application of climate change adaptation strategies among farmers in the Magwe District in the Dry Zone region of Myanmar. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 2017;9(1):36-55.
50. Ratner BD, Smith WE. Collaborating for Resilience: A practitioner’s guide. Manual. Collaborating for Resilience; 2014.
51. Siegrist M, Gutscher H. Flooding risks: A comparison of lay people’s perceptions and expert’s assessments in Switzerland. Risk Analysis 2006;26:971-9.
52. Shongwe P, Masuku MB, Manyatsi AM. Factors influencing the choice of climate change adaptation strategies by households: a case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme (ADP) in Swaziland. Journal of Agricultural Studies 2014;2(1):86-98.
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54. Swe LMM, Shrestha RP, Ebbers T, Jourdain D. Climate and Development Farmers' perception of and adaptation to climate-change impacts in the Dry Zone of Myanmar. Climate and Development; 2015.
55. Swiderski K, Song Y, Li J, Reid H. Adapting agriculture with traditional knowledge. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED); 2011.
56. System for Analysis, Research and Training (START). Assessing the Adaptation Mechanisms of Smallholder Farmers to Climate Change and Agro-biodiversity Losses in Northern Ghana. START, University of Ghana, Legon; 2012.
57. Tessema YA, Aweke CS, Endris GS. Understanding the process of adaptation to climate change by smallholder farmers: the case of east Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural and Food Economics 2013;1(13).
58. Thieken AH, Kreibich H, Müller M, Merz B. Coping with floods: Preparedness, response and recovery of flood-affected residents in Germany in 2002. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2007;52:1016-37.
59. Tin SM. Climate of the Dry Zone of Myanmar [dissertation]. Department of Geography, University of Mandalay: Government of Myanmar; 1990.
60. United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Climate change: Impacts, vulnerabilities and adaptation in developing countries. Bonn, Germany; 2007.
61. Vaughan E, Levine E. Report on the strategic assessment of resilience of farming community in Dry Zone of Myanmar. USAID Technical and Operational Performance Support (TOPS) program and the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT), Myanmar; 2015.
62. Wiegers K. Best Practices for Change Impact Analysis [Internet]. 2017. Available from: https://www. jamasoftware.com/blog/change-impact-analysis-2/.
63. Win MT. Survey report of public awareness on climate change. EcoDev, Yangon: Myanmar; 2010.
64. Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts (WICCI). Adaptation to Climate Change: Why Adaptation Policy is more difficult than We Think (and what to do about it). Adaptation Working Group: WICCI; 2011.
65. World Bank (WB). Turn down the Heat, why a 4C warmer world must be avoided. A report for the World Bank by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and World scientists warming to Humanity. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2012.
66. World Bank (WB). The World Bank Participation Sourcebook, Appendix I: Methods and Tools 1996. p. 186-93.
67. Yi T. Drought Annual Report of Department of Meteorology and Hydrology. Ministry of Transport and Communications, Government of Myanmar; 2015.
68. Yusuf M, Falco DS, Deressa T, Ringler C, Kohlin G. The Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation on Food Production in Low-income Countries. Ethiopia Development Research Institute, International Food Policy Research Institute, Discussion Paper No.828, Washington, DC; 2008.