Structural Durability Assessment of Stilt Houses to Flash Flooding: Case Study of Flash Flood-Affected Sites in Thailand DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.18.1.2020.09
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Published:
Oct 30, 2019
Keywords:
Stilt house Flash flood Durability assessment Structural durability Main structure Flood loads Reactive stress
Main Article Content
Abstract
The ‘stilt house’ is found in many flood-prone areas and represents local wisdom regarding building construction to coexist with floodwaters. Most academic research projects have studied stilt houses based on two types of flood: inundation and coastal flooding. The study of pillar houses in flash floods is very limited. This research investigated whether the main structure of a stilt house could withstand strong water current to determine the suitability of the stilt house for flash flood sites. The study explored the physical appearance of stilt houses in five flash flood areas in Thailand. The styles of stilt houses in each area were simplified to generate models and to then test their tolerance toward moving water. The main findings were: 1) the main structure of the stilt house can resist flood loads at 1.00 m depth with a waterflow speed at 3.05 m/s; 2) the most vulnerable points on the main structure if struck by more rapid, deeper flows of water are the base of the column and the joint between the column and beams; and 3) the horizontal or diagonal bracing members perpendicular to the flow and not above the flood level become water blockades that increase the reactive force to the main structure.
Article Details
How to Cite
Charoenchai, O., & Bhaktikul, K. (2019). Structural Durability Assessment of Stilt Houses to Flash Flooding: Case Study of Flash Flood-Affected Sites in Thailand: DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.18.1.2020.09. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 18(1), 85–100. Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/223488
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Original Research Articles
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3. American Concrete Institute (ACI). ACI 318-14. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. Michigan: ACI; 2014.
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6. Autodesk. Robot Structural Analysis Professional. (Educational Version) [Software] Autodesk, Inc. 2015.
7. Charoenchai O. Flood Resilience Practical Adaptation in Flash and Inundation Flood-affected Areas in Thailand [dissertation]. Nakhon Pathom: Mahidol University; 2018.
8. Chaves DMM. Flood Resilient Housing Recovery Models: A Theoretical Case Study in Maldives [dissertation]. Lisbon: Universidade Nova De Lisboa; 2015.
9. Chorwichien W. Structural Timber Design. Bangkok: New-Thai-Mitr Press; 2014.
10. CPAC Concrete Academy. Standard Methods for Testing Aggregate and Concrete. Bangkok: The Concrete Products and Aggregate Co., Ltd; 2000.
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12. Dilhani KAC, Jayaweera N. A study of flood risk mitigation strategies in vernacular dwellings of Rathnapura, Sri Lanka. Built-Environment: Sri Lanka 2016;12(1):1-9.
13. Editorial Department of Komchadluek Newspaper. Landslide warning in 16 districts, 6 provinces [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2018 Sep 1]. Available from: https://hilight.kapook.com/ view/23932.
14. Editorial Department of Naew Na Newspaper. Lesson learned from flood disaster to community disaster management plan [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2018 Sep 1]. Available from: https://www.measwatch.org/news/3183.
15. Focus News Agency. Flood rescue in Krung Ching [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2018 Sep 1]. Available from: https://songkhlatoday.com /paper/87404.
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18. Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute. Nan Watershed. Bangkok, Thailand: Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute; 2012a.
19. Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute. Pasak Watershed. Bangkok, Thailand: Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute; 2012b.
20. Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute. Eastside South Watershed. Bangkok, Thailand: Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute; 2012c.
21. Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute. Songkhla Lake Watershed. Bangkok, Thailand: Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute; 2012d.
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23. Krung Ching subdistrict Administrative Organization. Data Summary of Krung Ching subdistrict. Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: Krung Ching subdistrict Administrative Organization; 2015.
24. Kusar DE, Ut MV. Construction of residential buildings on columns as an al
25. ternative to construction in areas exposed to floods. YBL Journal of Built Environment 2014;2(2):50-64.
26. Laituri MJ. Cultural perspectives of flooding. In: Wohl EE, editor. Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian, and Aquatic Communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000. p. 451-68.
27. Liao KH, Le TA, Nguyen KV. Urban design principles for flood resilience: learning from the ecological wisdom of living with floods in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Landscape and Urban Planning 2016;155:69-78.
28. Liao KH. From flood control to flood adaptation: A case study on the lower Green River Valley and the city of Kent in King County, Washington. Natural Hazards 2014;76:723-50.
29. Madeali H, Suhendro B, Pradipto E, Kusumawanto A. Construction method and performance of Bugis traditional house in wind disasters. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology 2018;8(6): 2406-12.
30. Mongkonkerd S, Hirunsaree S, Kanegae H, Denpaiboon C. Comparison of direct monetary flood damages in 2011 to pillar house and non-pillar house in Ayutthaya, Thailand. Procedia: Environmental Sciences 2013;17:327-36.
31. Nam Kor subdistrict Administrative Organization. Flood and Landslide Prevention Plan. Phetchabun, Thailand: Nam Kor subdistrict Administrative Organization; 2015.
32. Nation Multimedia Group. Flooding in Uttaradit-Sukhothai-Chiang Mai [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 1]. Available from: https://www.thaiwater.net/current/floodphrae_Jun52.html.
33. Neville GB. Concrete Manual: Based on the 2015 IBC® and ACI 318-14: Concrete Quality and Field Practices. Illinois: ICC Publications; 2015.
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35. Ourn V, Suntornvongsakul K. Copying mechanisms in repeated floods areas: A case study in Ba Baong commune in Prey Veng province, Cambodia. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2015;13(2):33-43.
36. Parekh DN. Tsunami resistant design. International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering and Science 2018;4(9):284-90.
37. Parker DJ. Floods. London, United Kingdom: Routledge; 2000.
38. Prig Sub-district Health Plan Working Group. Prig Sub-district Health Plan. Songkhla, Thailand: Thai Health Promotion Foundation and Health System Research Institute; 2008.
39. Ramasoot T, Nimsamur P. Vernacular Houses and Coping Capacity to Impact of Climate Change: A Case Study of Riparian Community in Sena District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. Thailand Research Fund; Report number: RDG5530010, 2014.
40. Saharom NS, Diana SC, Kusyala D. Alternative housing system and materials criteria for land subsidence area (case study: Bandarharjo, Semarang). Proceedings of International Conference of Earth and Environmental Science; 11 Nov 2017; Bandung: Indonesia; 2018.
41. Sastrawati I. The characteristics of the self-support stilt-houses towards the disaster potentiality at the Cambaya coastal area, Makassar. Dimensi 2009;37(1):33-40.
42. Society and Health Institute. Learning to Live with Disasters: Cultural Ecology, Medias, Public Sector, and Community Dynamic. Bangkok, Thailand: Society and Health Institute; 2014.
43. Stephenson V, Finlayson A, Morel LM. A risk-based approach to shelter resilience following flood and typhoon damage in rural Philippines. Geosciences 2018;8(76):1-24.
44. Sunanta. Lesson from 'Nopphitam' to community disaster management plan [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2018 Sep 1]. Available from: www2.thaihealth.or.th/Content/18684-lessonfrom 'Nopphitam' to community disaster management plan.html.
45. Thai Appraisal and Estate Agents Foundation. The 2018 cost of construction [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Aug 21]. Available from: https://www.thaiappraisal.org/english/the2001/default.php.
46. Thai Industrial Standards Institute. TIS 20-2543. Steel Bars for Reinforced Concrete: Round Bars. Bangkok: TISI; 2001.
47. Thaitakoo D, McGrath B, Srithanyarat S, Palopakon Y. Bangkok: The ecology and design of an aqua-city. In: Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, McGrath B, editors. Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design - Linking Theory and Practice for Sustainable Cities. New York: Springer: 2013. p. 427-42.
48. Tikul N, Thongdee S. Development of Low Income Communities and Housing in Chiang Mai to Cope with the Risks of Climate Change: A Case Study on Flood Risks. Thailand Research Fund; Report number: RDG5630017, 2015.
49. Wasilah W. The structural effectivity of bent piles in Ammatoan vernacular houses. Buildings 2019;9(42):1-11.
50. White FM. Fluid Mechanics. Philadelphia, USA: McGraw-Hill; 1999.
51. Zain Z. The ecological responsive buildings: traditional houses in the Kapuas riverside of West Kalimantan. Komunitas 2016;8(2):295-308.
52. Zevenbergen C, Cashman A, Evelpidou N, Pasche E, Garvin S, Ashley R. Urban Flood Management. London: CRC Press; 2011.