Effects of Nano-Scale Zero Valent Iron Fresh and Aged Particles on Environmental Microbes 10.32526/ennrj/19/202100031
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Currently, nano-scale zero valent iron particles (nZVI) are being increasingly used in many types of environmental remediation. Due to their usage, nZVI can be left in the environment and may cause toxic effects to living beings, especially surrounding microorganisms. Environmental bacteria in soil and water are some of the main factors affecting plant productivity and other microorganisms in ecosystems. This study evaluated the toxicological effects of nZVI and aged nZVI on bacteria commonly found in the environment. Bacterial, namely E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and Rhodococcus sp., were treated with different concentrations of nZVI at different times of exposure in in vitro conditions, and bacterial cell viability was determined in order to analyze the toxic effects of nZVI over the course of treatments. The data revealed that at the highest nZVI concentration (1,000 mg/L), B. subtilis and Rhodococcus sp. had the highest resistance to nZVI (49.35% and 48.31% viability) and less resistance in P. aeruginosa (2.26%) and E. coli (0.50%) was observed. The growth of microorganisms significantly increased after exposure with seven and 14-day aged nZVI particles. Therefore, the toxicity of aged nZVI to microbial organisms was reduced. Hence, this study demonstrated the toxic effects of nZVI and aged nZVI particles on several species of bacteria in vitro. Less toxicity to bacteria was observed in aged nZVI. These findings provide more understanding in the toxic effect of nZVI to microorganisms.
Article Details
Published articles are under the copyright of the Environment and Natural Resources Journal effective when the article is accepted for publication thus granting Environment and Natural Resources Journal all rights for the work so that both parties may be protected from the consequences of unauthorized use. Partially or totally publication of an article elsewhere is possible only after the consent from the editors.
References
Barzan E, Mehrabian S, Irian S. Antimicrobial and genotoxicity effects of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 2014;7(5):e10054.
Ben-Moshe T, Frenk S, Dror I, Minz D, Berkowitz B. Effects of metal oxide nanoparticles on soil properties. Chemosphere 2013;90(2):640-6.
Bensaida K, Eljamal R, Eljamal K, Sughihara Y, Eljamal O. The impact of iron bimetallic nanoparticles on bulk microbial growth in wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2021;40:101825.
Bhuvaneshwari M, Kumar D, Roy R, Chakraborty S, Parashar A, Mukherjee A, et al. Toxicity, accumulation, and trophic transfer of chemically and biologically synthesized nano zero valent iron in a two species freshwater food chain. Aquatic Toxicology 2017;183:63-75.
Chaithawiwat K, Vangnai A, McEvoy J, Pruess B, Krajangpan S, Khan E. Impact of nanoscale zero valent iron on bacteria is growth phase dependent. Chemosphere 2016;144:352-9.
Chen J, Xiu Z, Lowry GV, Alvarez PJ. Effect of natural organic matter on toxicity and reactivity of nano-scale zero-valent iron. Water Research 2011;45(5):1995-2001.
Chen Q, Li J, Wu Y, Shen F, Yao M. Biological responses of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to nZVI (Fe0), Fe2+ and Fe3+. RSC Advances 2013;3(33):13835-42.
Chowdhury AIA, Krol MM, Kocur CM, Boparai HK, Weber KP, Sleep BE, et al. nZVI injection into variably saturated soils: Field and modeling study. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 2015;183:16-28.
Diao M, Yao M. Use of zero-valent iron nanoparticles in inactivating microbes. Water Research 2009;43(20):5243-51.
Fajardo C, Gil-Diaz M, Costa G, Alonso J, Guerrero AM, Nande M, et al. Residual impact of aged nZVI on heavy metal-polluted soils. Science of the Total Environment 2015;535:79-84.
Galdames A, Ruiz-Rubio L, Orueta M, Sánchez-Arzalluz M,Vilas-Vilela JL. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles for soil and groundwater remediation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(16):5817.
Jiemvarangkul P, Zhang W-X, Lien H-L. Enhanced transport of polyelectrolyte stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in porous media. Chemical Engineering Journal 2011;170(2): 482-91.
Kim JY, Park HJ, Lee C, Nelson KL, Sedlak DL, Yoon J. Inactivation of Escherichia coli by nanoparticulate zerovalent iron and ferrous ion. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2010;76(22):7668-70.
Klis FM, de Koster CG, Brul S. Cell wall-related bionumbers and bioestimates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 2014;13(1):2-9.
Kumar D, Roy R, Parashar A, Raichur AM, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A, et al. Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina. Environmental Toxicology 2017;32(5):1617-27.
Lee C, Kim JY, Lee WI, Nelson KL, Yoon J, Sedlak DL. Bactericidal effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. Environmental Science and Technology 2008;42(13):4927-33.
Li XQ, Elliott DW, Zhang WX. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles for abatement of environmental pollutants: Materials and engineering aspects. Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences 2006;31(4):111122.
Li XQ, Zhang WX. Iron nanoparticles: the core-shell structure and unique properties for Ni(II) sequestration. Langmuir 2006; 22(10):4638-42.
Lien HL, Zhang WX. Transformation of chlorinated methanes by nanoscale iron particles. Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce 1999;125(11):1042-7.
Mueller NC, Braun J, Bruns J, Černík M, Rissing P, Rickerby D, et al. Application of nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) for groundwater remediation in Europe. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2012;19(2):550-8.
National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP). U.S. EPA Workshop on Nanotechnology for Site Remediation: U.S. Department of Commerce. Washington, D.C., USA: Environmental Protection Agency; 2005.
O’Carroll D, Sleep B, Krol M, Boparai H, Kocur C. Nanoscale zero valent iron and bimetallic particles for contaminated site remediation. Advances in Water Resources 2013;51:104-22.
Padungthon S, Pranudta A, El-Moselhy MM, Kidkhunthod P, Amonpattaratkit P, Jiemvarangkule P. The capability of nano-scale zero valent iron particles for removal of concentrated lead in spent acidic regeneration solution. Desalination and Water Treatment 2020;194:160-71.
Pawlett M, Ritz K, Dorey RA, Rocks S, Ramsden J, Harris JA. The impact of zero-valent iron nanoparticles upon soil microbial communities is context dependent. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 2013;20(2):1041-9.
Phopin K, Sinthupoom N, Treeratanapiboon L, Kunwittaya S, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, et al. Antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of 8-Aminoquinoline-Uracils metal complexes. EXCLI Journal 2016;15:144-52.
Plaine A, Walker L, Da Costa G, Mora-Montes HM, McKinnon A, Gow NAR, et al. Functional analysis of Candida albicans GPI-anchored proteins: Roles in cell wall integrity and caspofungin sensitivity. Fungal Genetics and Biology 2008;45(10):1404-14.
Pulit-Prociak J, Stokłosa K, Banach M. Nanosilver products and toxicity. Environmental Chemistry Letters 2015;13(1):59-68.
Sacca ML, Fajardo C, Costa G, Lobo C, Nande M, Martin M. Integrating classical and molecular approaches to evaluate the impact of nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) on soil organisms. Chemosphere 2014;104:184-9.
Silhavy TJ, Kahne D, Walker S. The bacterial cell envelope. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 2010;2(5):a000414.
Slunský J. Utilization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (nZVI) for in-situ groundwater remediation including recent field scale application and remediation experience. Proccedings of the Inaugural Conference on the Applications of Nanotechnology for Safe and Sustainable Environmental Remediations (Nano-4-Rem-aNssERs); Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana: USA; 2013.
Sun Y-P, Li X-Q, Cao J, Zhang W-X,Wang HP. Characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 2006;120(1):47-56.
Sun Y-P, Li X-Q, Zhang W-X, Wang HP. A method for the preparation of stable dispersion of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2007;308(1):60-6.
Wang CB, Zhang WX. Synthesizing nanoscale iron particles for rapid and complete dechlorination of TCE and PCBs. Environmental Science and Technology 1997;31(7):2154-6.
Wu H, Yin J-J, Wamer WG, Zeng M, Lo YM. Reactive oxygen species-related activities of nano-iron metal and nano-iron oxides. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2014;22(1):86-94.
Yan W, Herzing AA, Kiely CJ, Zhang W-X. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI): Aspects of the core-shell structure and reactions with inorganic species in water. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 2010;118(3):96-104.
Yang YF, Chen PJ, Liao VH. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) at environmentally relevant concentrations induced multigenerational reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Chemosphere 2016;150:615-23.
Zhang WX, Wang CB, Lien HL. Treatment of chlorinated organic contaminants with nanoscale bimetallic particles. Catalysis Today 1998;40(4):387-95.