Efficient Recycling of Domestic Cooked Food Waste into Hermicompost Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae 10.32526/ennrj/22/20240032
Main Article Content
Abstract
Economic progress, urban expansion, and enhanced quality of life in India have led to the formation of densely populated megacities and a significant increase in municipal solid waste generation. Such waste consists of a substantial volume of residues from food waste, kitchen waste originating from residential complexes, restaurants, and remnants of agricultural activities. Consequently, handling municipal solid waste has become a critical issue. Though composting is being practiced as an eco-friendly means of recycling organic waste, it is laborious and time-consuming. In the recent past, researchers have suggested the use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as an effective solution for solid waste management. This study aims to assess the degradation potential of BSFL, which is gaining attention in recycling technology due to its composting capabilities, and its ability to produce soil amendments suitable for agricultural purposes. To evaluate the ability of BSFL to degrade different types of organic wastes, with a focus on cooked food waste, the compost formed after 14 days of degradation was analyzed based on elemental composition and other parameters. Comparative examinations were made with different vermicompost samples and hermicompost produced using BSFL to check the effect on plant growth. The analysis showed a higher percentage of nitrogen (4.21%), and phosphorus (0.5%) in hermicompost. The C:N ratio was 12:1 which is suitable for agronomical purposes. This study concludes that, BSFL are useful as versatile bioconversion agents of cooked food waste and provide a promising organic recycling strategy for sustainable waste management.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Published articles are under the copyright of the Environment and Natural Resources Journal effective when the article is accepted for publication thus granting Environment and Natural Resources Journal all rights for the work so that both parties may be protected from the consequences of unauthorized use. Partially or totally publication of an article elsewhere is possible only after the consent from the editors.
References
Abdelfattah EA, Abd El-Monem DH, Mahmoud AH, Aboelhassan AM, Ibrahim NY, Abdallah DB, et al. The various vulnerable products and services from organic waste management using black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. Zoological and Entomological Letters 2021;1(1):44-56.
Anyega AO, Korir NK, Beesigamukama D, Changeh GJ, Nkoba K, Subramanian S, et al. Black soldier fly-composted organic fertilizer enhances growth, yield, and nutrient quality of three key vegetable crops in Sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021;12:Article No. 680312.
Amuah EEY, Fei-Baffoe B, Sackey LNA, Douti NB, Kazapoe RW. A review of the principles of composting: Understanding the processes, methods, merits, and demerits. Organic Agriculture 2022;12(4):547-62.
Banerjee P, Prasad B. Determination of concentration of total sodium and potassium in surface and ground water using a flame photometer. Applied Water Science 2020;10(5):Article No. 113.
Bernal MP, Alburquerque JA, Moral R. Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment: A review. Bioresource Technology 2009;100(22): 5444-53.
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of vermicompost maturity. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology 2017;8:1-12.
Byrnes BH. Environmental effects of N fertilizer use: An overview. Fertilizer Research 1990;26:209-15.
Cho S, Kim CH, Kim MJ, Chung H. Effects of microplastics and salinity on food waste processing by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Journal of Ecology and Environment 2020;44(1):Article No. 7.
Crohn DM, Chaganti VN, Reddy N. Composts as post-fire erosion control treatments and their effect on runoff water quality. Transactions of the ASABE 2013;56(2):423-35.
Crohn DM. Assessing compost quality for agriculture. University of California [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Oct 20]. Available from: https://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/8514.pdf.
Diener S, Studt Solano NM, Roa Gutiérrez F, Zurbrügg C, Tockner K. Biological treatment of municipal organic waste using black soldier fly larvae. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2011;2:357-63.
Diener S, Zurbrügg C, Tockner K. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens and effects on its life cycle. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2015;1(4):261-70.
Domínguez J, Edwards CA, Webster M. Vermicomposting of sewage sludge: Effect of bulking materials on the growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Pedobiologia 2000;44(1):24-32.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The State of Food and Agriculture: Moving Forward on Food Loss and Waste Reduction. Rome, Italy: FAO; 2019.
Eklind Y, Kirchmann H. Composting and storage of organic household waste with different litter amendments. II: nitrogen turnover and losses. Bioresource Technology 2000;74(2): 125-33.
Enebe MC, Erasmus M. Vermicomposting technology: A perspective on vermicompost production technologies, limitations and prospects. Journal of Environmental Management 2023;345:Article No. 118585.
Gabler F. Using Black Soldier Fly for Waste Recycling and Effective Salmonella spp. Reduction [dissertation]. Swedish: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 2014.
Hoornweg D, Bhada-Tata P. What a waste: A global review of solid waste management. Urban Development Series Knowledge Papers 2012;15:87-8.
Jiang CL, Jin WZ, Tao XH, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Feng SY, et al. Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) strengthen the metabolic function of food waste biodegradation by gut microbiome. Microbial Biotechnology 2019;12(3):528-43.
Jereb G. Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste Management [dissertation]. Polytechnic Nova Gorica, School of Environmental Sciences; 2004.
Kim W, Bae S, Park K, Lee S, Choi Y, Han S, et al. Biochemical characterization of digestive enzymes in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 2011;14(1):11-4.
Lalander CD, Diener S, Zurbrügg C, Vinnerås B. Effects of feedstock on larval development and process efficiency in waste treatment with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Journal of Cleaner Production 2019;208:211-9.
Mahmood S, Zurbrügg C, Tabinda AB, Ali A, Ashraf A. Sustainable waste management at household level with black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Sustainability 2021;13(17):Article No. 9722.
Muhamed JN, Umer MI. Nutrients contents and physical properties of hot composting of local organic waste in Duhok City, Iraq Kurdistan Region. The Seybold Report 2023;18(3):486-98.
Müller A, Wolf D, Gutzeit HO. The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens: A promising source for sustainable production of proteins, lipids and bioactive substances. Journal of Biosciences 2017;72(9-10):351-63.
Pan I, Dam B, Sen SK. Composting of common organic wastes using microbial inoculants. 3 Biotech. 2012;2:127-34.
Rehman KU, Hollah C, Wiesotzki K, Rehman RU, Rehman AU, Zhang J, et al. Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens as a potential innovative and environmentally friendly tool for organic waste management: A mini review. Waste Management and Research 2023;41(1):81-97.
Sarpong DE, Oduro-Kwarteng S, Gyasi SF, Buamah R, Donkor E, Awuah E, et al. Biodegradation by composting of municipal organic solid waste into organic fertilizer using the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 2019;8:45-54.
Schmitt E, de Vries W. Potential benefits of using Hermetia illucens frass as a soil amendment on food production and for environmental impact reduction. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2020;25:Article No. 100335.
Sharma A, Soni R, Soni SK. From waste to wealth: Exploring modern composting innovations and compost valorization. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 2024;26(1):20-48.
Stănescu AM, Grigore A, Sîrbu C, Mihalache D, Rujoi B, Marin N. Estimation of measurement uncertainty for phosphorus spectrophotometric determination in organo-mineral fertilizers. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy 2021;64(2):145-51.
Sullivan DM, Bary AI, Miller RO, Brewer LJ. Interpreting Compost Analyses. Oregon State University Extension Catalog [Internet]. 2018 [Cited 2023 Oct 25]. Available from: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em9217.
Terrell C. Examining Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Composting for Urban Ag Specialty Crop Production [dissertation]. Purdue University; 2022.