Explore readiness to enter the elderly informal workforce
Main Article Content
Abstract
The research aims to study informal workers' social and economic conditions and the preparation of informal workers to enter elderly workers. This research was conducted by documented studies on informal workers, elderly workers, readiness to enter elderly informal workers, adult education, and lifelong learning and surveys of informal workers. The research sample consisted of 400 informal workers aged 45-59 working in the service, contract, and trading sectors, with approximately 67 from each region: Northern, Southern, Eastern, Northeastern, Western, and Central areas. The research instruments used in this collection are document analysis and a survey of the socioeconomic status of informal workers and readiness of informal workers to enter elderly workers, consisting of checklist questions, a 5-level rating scale questionnaire, and open-ended questions. The research findings were the preparation of informal workers to enter the elderly workforce. The results of the informal preparation revealed that overall, the informal workers have moderate preparation for entering the elderly workforce (3.28). They did the minimal physical activity (2.61). Financial preparation is at a high level by dealing with debt before entering the elderly (3.88). Learning needs after 60 years is 31.60%. They accept self-study through various forms of media (30.80%) but have never received training on preparing for retirement (82.60%).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2019). World Population Aging 2019: Highlights. (ST/ESA/SER.A/430).
Worsak Kanok-nukulchai. (2023, January 3). In Thailand, 70 is the new 51. Bangkok Post. https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2473977/in-thailand-70-is-the-new-51
Econ Digest. (2021, April 30). Society, the elderly... Are Thais ready? Kasikorn Research Center https://kasikornresearch.com/th/analysis/k-social-media/Pages/Aging-society-FB-30-04-21.aspx
Hfocus, Health Systems Insights. (2023, January 25). Thailand has entered the era of negative population growth. https://www.hfocus.org/content/2023/01/26880
ThaiPublica. (2021, June 29). A World Bank report estimates that the Thai working age population will shrink by 30% by 2060, with the proportion of elderly people increasing by 31%. https://thaipublica.org/2021/06/world-bank-againg-and-labour-market-in-thailand/
Supawut Saichuea. (2021, October 24). Worrying about the "aging society" trend of the Thai population. Prachachat. https://www.prachachat.net/columns/news-786842
Supanida Jirasinwatthana. (2022). Poverty among Thai Older Persons: Changes and Risk Factors. [Doctoral dissertation in Demography, COLLEGE OF POPULATION STUDIES, Chulalongkorn University]. (Chula ETD). 6387. https://digital.car.chula.ac.th/chulaetd/6387
Chalermpol Chamchan. (2023). Thai elderly and poverty. Population and Development Newsletter. 43(5), 1-2.
The Coverage Movement. (2021 October 4). End of life 'Thai elderly' hangs on 'poverty line' This is 'submission' that must be surrendered!!? https://www.thecoverage.info/news/content/2458
Theepakorn Jithitikulchai. (2023 May 29). Poverty of the 'elderly' Thailand's Challenges. The Coverage. https://www.thecoverage.info/news/content/4967
The Department of Older Persons. (2021, June 21). Today's aging society and economy in Thailand. the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. https://www.dop.go.th/th/know/15/926
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2020). World Population Aging 2020 Highlights: Living arrangements of older persons. (ST/ESA/SER.A/451).
Chorpenning, Ashley. (2020, February 8). How to Retire with No Money. Smart asset. https://smartasset.com/financial-advisor/why-is-it-important-to-set-financial-goals
Vudhironarit, S., Yuhan-ngoh, N. ., & Sarai, K. . (2023). Developing A Participation-Building Model for Promoting Active Ageing among Older Adults. Interdisciplinary Research Review, 18(1). Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jtir/article/view/247321
Bangkokbiznews. (2020, January 15). Office of the National Economics and Social Development Council. Points out that the working age trend is decreasing. In contrast, the aging population is on the rise. https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/862069
Patcharee Sukchoke. (2021). Preparing for preretirement planning of employees born between 1980 and 2000. Journal of Social Synergy. 12(2): 16-31.
Boonyarattanasoontorn, J. (2023). Extending Sustainable Social Protection for the Informal Sector in Thailand. Interdisciplinary Research Review, 18(4). Retrieved from https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jtir/article/view/247457
The Stock Exchange of Thailand. (2022, January 1). Self-employed How to prepare for retirement... to live independently of your dreams. https://www.setinvestnow.com/th/knowledge/article/97-tsi-how-to-plan-for-a-carefree-retirement-as-a-freelancer
Taninrat Chaipatdachakon, Athithat Sirawaritsara and Rachaya Pakdeejit. (2023) Informal workers and the Benefit under the Social Security Act. SSRU Journal of Public Administration. 6(2): 251-265.
National Statistical Office of Thailand. (2020). Informal Labour Survey 2020. Bangkok: Statistical Forecasting Division.
Borvorn Subsing. (2021). Informal labor situation: Status of knowledge, risks and practices, and 3-year plan to improve the quality of life of informal workers (2022-2024). Social Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University.
Pronnong Busaratrakul, Narongrid Asavaroungpipop, Anirut Pisedtasalasai, Roongkiat Ratanabanchuen, Ruttachai Seelajaroen and Tanawit Sae-Sue. (2023). National Retirement Readiness Index (NRRI). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn Business School.
Sukhuma Aroonjit. (2021). Ageing Labor Forces: Ageism and Social Injustice. In Proceeding 66 years of Faculty of Social Administration, Thammasat University Social Work and Social Welfare: Unlocking Social Inequality towards Sustainability. (328-341) Bangkok: Faculty of Social Administration Thammasat University.
Montakarn Chimmamee, Surangrut Jumnianpol, Thananon Buathong, Anuk Pitukthanin and Natnicha Tuangvirutkorn. (2020). Mid-life Crisis of Pre-Elderly Workers: The Adaptation of Formerly Private Sector Employees Aged over 45 who Shift to Work in Informal Sector. Journal of Demography. 36(2): 58-95.
Worawet Suwanrada. (2023, September 29). Creating a good quality of life in old age by focusing on the elderly-centered. Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research. https://www.pier.or.th/abridged/2023/21/
Atirut Duereh. (2023, April 11). How to successfully develop a "community laboratory space" to support an aging society Invite answers from the research of Assistant Professor Ronnarong Jundai' Centre for SDG Research and Support: SDG Move, Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University. https://www.sdgmove.com/2022/11/18/community-laboratory-for-aging-society/
Mingkwan Kongjarecn and Gumpanat Boriboon. (2021). The Development of the Elderly Schools Model by Community based Education. Journal of education : Faculty of Education : Srinakharinwirot University. 22(1): 135-149.
Teera Sindecharak and Pornthip Netiparatanakul. (2012). Self-employed Workers’ Preparation for Aging among Thailand’s Aging Society. Bangkok: National Research Council of Thailand.
Jirawan Chalee. (2020). Preparation for the elderly of the population in Dindaeng district Bangkok. [Master’s thesis, Faculty of Business Administration Program in Accounting] Ramkhamhaeng University.
Arparat Ingkapakorn and Nath Bhanthumnavin. (2019). Factors Influencing the Preparation for Elderly of Working People: a Case Study of Sai Mai District, Bangkok. Journal of Health Science. 28(1):22-36.
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council, Prime Minister's Office. (2022). Draft Regional Development Plan Framework 2023-2027. Bangkok: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council.
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council, Prime Minister's Office. (2019). Regional Development Plan Framework 2017-2022. Bangkok: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council.
Decha Tamdee, Patrapan Tamdee, Wilawan Senaratana and Jaras Singkaew. (2022). Preparation for System and Mechanism Development in Responding to Ageing Society in Health Region 1. Journal of Community Development and Life Quality. 10(1): 45 – 57.
Pimonpun Boonyasana and Sukhoom Phunnarong. (2019). Preparation for Elder Life of Informal Workersin Chiang Mai Province. Journal of Social Sciences Srinakharinwirot University. 23(1): 101-118.
Sitthicchai Chaikhan, Supanee Junsiri, Ratchanee Khumngoen, Teerawat Pimchai and Attapong Rittitit. (2022). Preparation for Entering the Aging Society of the Population in Bungwai Sub-District, Warin Chamrab District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Journal of Health Science. 31(4):587-97.
Taveeporn Yunyong (2565). Preparation before entering the elderly Case study of the area of responsibility of Bungwai Sub-District Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, Chanuman District, Amnat Charoen Province. Amnat Charoen: Chanuman Hopital.
Wanmai Nonthitipong and Nichakan Promjinda. (2021). Informal Workers: A Way to Survive in the New Normal Era. Bank of Thailand. https://www.bot.or.th/th/research-and-publications/articles-and-publications/articles/Article_13Apr2021.html
Sumalee Sungsri and Pacharawalai Sungsri. (2022). Lifelong Learning for people in every age group in Thai society. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Thonburi University. 16(2): 158-170.
. The Coverage Movement. (2022, September 29). National Health Commission Office joins forces with 3 sectors to look at the future and develop systems The country's 'income guarantee' Reduce inequality - increase quality of life when aging. https://www.thecoverage.info/news/content/4085
Srawooth Paitoonpong and Usanee Srichan (2022, March 4). Informal workers old age benefits and savings. Thailand Development Research Institute: TDRI). https://tdri.or.th/2022/03/informal-sector-workers-welfare/
Mcleod, S. (2023, October 24). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
Thailand Development Research Institute. (2022, July 23). Design inclusive Social Protection Systems for New workforce. Bangkok: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council.
Bcaremedicalcenter. (2020, July 29). Enhance the well-being of the elderly through exercise. B.Care Medical Center. https://www.bcaremedicalcenter.com/Articles-detail/23
Sawinee Sampao and Pawena Limpiteeprakarn. (2023). The preparation of pre-aging population entering an aging society in Buached District, Surin Province. The 14th Hatyai National and International Conference. 1128-1303.
Isara Sanguanpong. (2019). Guidelines for promoting informal workers' quality of life using a social learning process: A case of taxi drivers in Bangkok. Journal of Demography. 35(2) 23-43.
Wanwiphang Manachotphong. (2020). Research on the analysis of the essence of technological change and inequality in the growing platform or digital economy with its impacts on the service labour markets in Thailand. Bangkok: King Prajadhipok's Institute.