Antibacterial activity of herbal extracts against Aeromonas hydrophila
Keywords:
Chromolaena odorata extract, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibacterial activityAbstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in freshwater and brackish water. It can cause diseases in both humans and aquatic animals, such as food poisoning, wound infections, and septicemia in fish. Currently, antibiotic treatment is the main approach for controlling infections; however, it must be administered at appropriate dosages and durations. Otherwise, it may lead to drug residues and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the use of herbal extracts as an alternative to antibiotics is an important option that should be promoted. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 10 selected herbal extracts against A. hydrophila. The tested herbs included Zingiber officinale, Alpinia galanga, Ocimum basilicum, Chromolaena odorata, Centella asiatica, Cassia fistula, Dolichandrone serrulata, Oroxylum indicum, Psidium guajava, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The plant materials were dried and extracted with ethanol, followed by testing for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the broth dilution method. The results showed that the extract from C. odorata leaves had the lowest MIC value of less than 0.49 mg/mL and the lowest MBC value of 0.49 mg/mL. In contrast, extracts from O. indicum and C. fistula leaves showed no inhibitory or bactericidal effect against A. hydrophila. These findings suggest that herbal extracts, particularly from C. odorata, have the potential to be developed into herbal medicines for treating infections caused by A. hydrophila. This study provides fundamental data that could support future research and the development of herbal medicine alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
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