Citing & Referencing

The IEEE referencing style is used as follows:

1.Add a reference number in square brackets [ ] at the end of the cited statement or the cited person’s name. The number should appear on the same line as the text, e.g., [1].

2.Number references sequentially starting from 1 and continue in order. If the same source is cited again, use the same reference number that was used previously. If additional details are provided (e.g., page numbers), use the following format, such as “ibid.”: [1], [1, pp. 15–17].

3.All sources cited in the text must appear in the reference list, arranged in numerical order. Print each number in [ ]. Do not separate Thai and English references.

4.When citing multiple sources at the same time:

4.1 If citing no more than 2 sources, list the reference numbers in order separated by commas (,), e.g., [1], [2] or [1], [5].

4.2 If citing more than 2 sources and they are consecutive, list them in order using an en dash (–) (press CTRL and the minus key) to indicate a range, e.g., [1]–[3] or [1]–[5].

4.3 If citing more than 2 sources that include both consecutive and non-consecutive items, list them in order using commas (,) for non-consecutive items and an en dash (–) for consecutive ranges, e.g., [1], [4]-[5].

5. Author names:

5.1 Do not include honorifics, academic titles, professional titles, or military/police ranks.

5.2 For Thai authors, write the name as First name Last name.

5.3 For foreign authors, write initials of the first and middle names, followed by the last name. This also applies to Thai authors writing in English.

5.4 If there are more than 6 authors, list only the first author followed by “and colleagues” or “et al.”.

Titles of articles, books, journals, and theses/dissertations should be written in italics.

All references (except those ending with a URL) must end with a period (.), including references that contain a DOI.

Examples of References

Book

1.1 Book

Basic Format :  

[1]   B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1986.

 

  • Book (Online)

Basic Format:

[1]   A. Saltelli, M. Ratto, T. Andres, F. Campolongo, J. Cariboni, D. Gatelli, M. Saisana, S. Tarantola, Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Weinheim, Germany: John Wiley & Sons, 2008. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470725184

  • Book With Chapter Title

Basic Format:

[1]   P. Siribanpitak, “Redesigning teacher education,” In Education in Thailand, G. Fry, Ed., 2nd, Singgapore: Springer, 2025, pp. 461–476. [Online]. Available:  https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/7BW1jzD4/

2. Periodicals

2.1 Periodicals

Basic Format:

  1. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.

[1]   W. Y. Chan, Z. H. Yeo, Degradation of calcium carbonate layers in waste shells and environmental implications, Environmental Science Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 45–53, Oct. 2025.

2.2 Periodicals with DOI

Basic Format:

  1. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. month, year, doi:xxx.

[1]   S. M. Mefire, “Static regime imaging of certain 3D electromagnetic imperfections from a boundary perturbation formula,” J. Comput. Math., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 412–441, Jul. 2014, doi:10.4208/jcm.1401-m4214.

[2]   L. T. Nguyen and J. H. Park, “Performance analysis of 5G small cell deployment in urban areas,” J. Commun. Netw. Eng., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 215–227, Feb. 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.openaccess-journal.com/jcne/vol12/issue2/nguyen_park.pdf

[3]    W. C. Chern, T. Kim, V. K. Asari and H. Kim, Image hashing-based shallow object tracker for construction worker monitoring in scaffolding scenes, Automation in Construction vol. 166, no. 1, 7 Aug. 2025, Art. no. 105604, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105604.

 

3. Theses and Dissertations

Basic Format:

  1. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
  2. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev.State, year.

Examples:

[1] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA,

USA, 1993.

[2] C. Becle, These de doctoral d’etat, Univ. Grenoble, Grenoble, France, 1968 [1]      S. Niyomchaivisan, “Effective logistic of e-commerce in Thailand,” M.Eng. thesis, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat Univ., 2021. [Online]. Available: https://ethesisarchive.library.tu.ac.th/thesis/2021/TU_2021_6322040574_15009_19675.pdf

 

Conference and Proceeding

      Conference Paper

Basic Format:

  1. K. Author, “Title of paper,” presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State, Country, Month and day(s), year, Paper number.

 

Example

[1] D. Caratelli, M. C. Viganó, G. Toso, and P. Angeletti, “Analytical placement technique for sparse arrays,” presented at the 32nd ESA Antenna Workshop, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Oct. 5–8, 2010.

Conference Proceeding  with URL

[1]   T. Schubert, “Real challenges and solutions for validating system-on-chip high level formal verification of next-generation microprocessors,” in Proc. 40th Design Automat. Conf. (DAC’03), W. Armstrong, Ed. Jun. 2–6, 2003, pp. 257–290. [Online]. Available: https://www.dac.com/content/40th

[2] J. Roberts and D. Fisher, “pReview: The artificially intelligent conference reviewer,” in The 19th IEEE Int. Conf. on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), Miami, FL, USA., Nov. 2020, pp. 475–490. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9356281

 

 

Data Set

Basic Format:

 Author, Date, “Title of Dataset,” Source. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.co

[1]   UCI Machine Learning Repository, 2016, “Air quality data set,” University of California, Irvine. [Online]. Available: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Air+Quality

 

Handbook

Basic Format:

Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, year, pp. xxx–xxx.

Example

[1]   Handbook of Engineering ManagementThe Digital Economy, CRC Press, Florida, USA, 2019, pp. 147–149. [Online]. Available: https://www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-Engineering-Management-The-Digital-Economy/Lunevich/p/book/9781032449975

Article on Website

Basic Format:

  1. K. Author, “Title of the article,” Title of the News Source, Month, Day, Year. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

Example

[1]   G. Gill, "Optimizing HMI assemblies for maximum reliability in harsh industrial environments," VCC Lite. [Online]. Accessed: Jun. 10, 2025. Available: https://vcclite.com/article/optimizing-hmi-assemblies-for-maximum-reliability-in-harsh-industrial-environments/

News on Website

[1]   J Yeung, “NATO’s Mark Rutte emerges as Trump whisperer-in-chief after dramatic about-face at Davos,” CNN, Jan. 22, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://edition.cnn.com/2026/01/22/europe/mark-rutte-trump-davos-greenland-intl-hnk

 

Software

Basic Format:

  1. K. Author. Title of Software. Date Repository or Archive. (version or year). Publisher Name. Accessed: Date (when applicable). [Type of Medium]. Global Persistent Identifier. Available: site/path/file

[1]   QGIS Development Team. QGIS Geographic Information System (ver. 3.x.) QGIS. Accessed: Dec. 25, 2025. Available: https://www.qgis.org

Lecture Note

Basic Format:

           University name. (year). Title of lecture. [Type of Medium]. Available: URL

Example

[1]     UCLA Statistical Consulting Group. (2025). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with SPSS. [Online]. Available: https://stats.oarc.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pca-efa-V12.pdf