Isolation of Fiber-Cellulose and Characterization from Oil Palm Frond for 3D and 4D Printing Materials Application
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Abstract
The oil palm frond (OPF), a primary biomass derived from agricultural waste in oil palm production, holds significant potential for evolving into cellulose fiber. Leveraging natural materials for cellulose extraction aligns with environmental sustainability. In this study, we focus on separating cellulose fibers from OPF biomass. The OPF is divided into its leaflet and frond-axial parts, undergoing a sequence of steps: dewaxing, alkaline treatment, delignification, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and final filtration. These steps assess both efficacy and cellulose fiber outputs. Notably, the axial and leaflet portions yield cellulose fibers, effective as an initial extraction step before progressing to nanoscale slicing. Quantitatively, extraction yields indicate that 14.13% and 19.52% of the 100 g leaflet and frond-axial portions can be harvested. SEM images confirm well-dispersed individual fibers. Additionally, GCMS results reveal slightly higher carbon dioxide gas in the palm leaflet sample than in the palm frond-axial sample after five days of water soaking. This procedure efficiently initializes OPF for cellulose extraction, positioning it as an initial ingredient for subsequent 3D/4D printing material production.
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