Innovative Prototype of Zero-Waste Food Production System to Support Integrated Farming
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The research aims to develop the prototype of a zero-waste food production system innovation to support integrated farming. The innovation is a process innovation consisting of 4 processes. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) Commercial Azolla cultivation could cultivate 4 kg/m3 in 10 days using a specific formula from the research. Formula C consists of 58 kg of cow manure and 1.2 kg of rock phosphate, the best formula for Azolla cultivation. 2) Catfish cultivation in cement pipes is a recirculating catfish cultivation system that saves costs and is environmentally friendly. No wastewater is released from the system (Zero-waste). It uses treated water from Azolla cultivation in process 1. Catfish was cultivated with pellet fish foods at FF: AZ ratio of 50: 50, which was the best ratio from this research. To reduce the cost, within 12 weeks (3 months), the catfish weighed approximately 155 grams per fish (6 fish per kilogram) and was processed into pickled catfish. 3) Soil development using the ratio of Worm castings (WC) 1: Fresh Azolla (FA) 1: Black rice husk (BRH) 1: Soil (S) 1 was the best formula from the research. Using treated water from Azolla cultivation (process 1) with a drip irrigation system to grow eggplant could help the eggplant to grow well. It could yield the highest eggplant up to 1,869 kg/rai. Finally, 4) All processes use a solar cell electricity system (renewable energy system) that is used in the system to reduce electricity costs.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Srichan.T; Kosolkittiamporn. S. 20 years of national strategy for the development of Thailand. Journal of Modern Learning Development. 2023, 8(1), 413-435.
Morales-Polo, C.; Cledera-Castro, M.D.M. An optimized water reuse and waste valorization method for a sustainable development of poultry slaughtering plants. Desalination Water Treat. 2016, 57, 2702-2711. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1033652
Cuevas, J.; Daliakopoulos, I.N.; del Moral, F.; Hueso, J.J.; Tsanis, I.K. A Review of Soil-Improving Cropping Systems for Soil Salinization, Agronomy, 2019, 9, 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060295
Lopez-Mosquera, M.E.; Fernández-Lemaa, E.; Villaresa, R.; Corralb, R.; Alonsob, B.; Blancob, C. Composting fish waste and seaweed to produce a fertilizer for use in organic agriculture. Procedia Environ. Sci. 2011, 9, 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2011.11.018
Phdungpran, J.; Wangwiboonkit, S. The use of Azolla (Wolffia globosa), Azolla spp., and Lemna minor to reduce metabolism of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in concrete tanks. Master of Science Thesis, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang. Bangkok. 2020.
Nenciu, F.; Voicea, L.; Cocarta, D.M.; Vladut, V.N.; Gabriel M.; Arsenoai, V.-N. Zero-Waste" Food Production System Supporting the Synergic Interaction between Aquaculture and Horticulture. Sustainability. 2022, 14, 13396. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013396
Dhaker, D.L.; Karthik, R.; Maurya, S. Cultivation of Azolla- A Proteinaceous Fodder for Livestock. Agricultural and Environment, 2021, 2(11), 50-52.
APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 22th edn, American Public Health Association. 2012, Washington DC, USA.
AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemist. 1990, Washington DC. [10] Wongbung, W. Azolla and utilization in rice field. Natural Agriculture Journal. 1994, 11(3), 44-50.
Rattanakun, W. Red Azolla. Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology. 2014, Available online: http://biology.ipst.ac.th/?p=880. (accessed on April 1, 2024).
Department of Fisheries. What is oxygen in water? Why do we need to measure oxygen in water?, 2024, Available online: https://www4.fisheries.go.th/local/index.php/main/view_activities/16/116613 (accessed on April 26, 2024).
Chartchumni, B.; Kumla, S.; Rayan, S.; Wongjunda, J. Climbing perch culture wastewater treatment with Azolla microphylla. Khon Khen Agriculture Journal, 2022, 50(6), 1567-1579.
Weirich, C.E.; Feiden, A.; Souza, C.S.; Marchetti, C.R.; Aleixo, V.; Klosowski, É.S. Temperature influences swine wastewater treatment by aquatic plants. Scientia Agricola. 2020, 78(4), e20190325. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2019-0325
Napaldet, J.T.; BuotJr, I.E.;. Zafaralla, M.T.; LitJr, I.L.; Sotto, R.C. Effect of phytoremediation on the morphoanatomical characters of some aquatic macrophytes. Biodiversitas. 2019, 20(5), 1289-1302. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200519
Basak, B.; Pramanik, A. H.; Rahman, M. S.; Tarafdar, S. U.; Roy, B. C. Azolla (Azolla pinnata) as a feed ingredient in broiler ration, Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2002, 1(1/3), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2002.29.34
Khatun, A.; Ali, M. A.; Dingle, J. G. Comparison of the nutritive value for laying hens of diets containing azolla (Azolla pinnata) based on formulation using digestible protein and digestible amino acid versus total protein and total amino acid, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 1999, 81(1/2), 43-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00071-1
Alalade, O.A.; Lyavi. E.A. Chemical Composition and the Feeding Value of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) Meal for Egg-Type Chicks. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2006, 5(2), 137-141. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.137.141
Bocchi, S.; Malgioglio, A. Azolla- anabaena as a Biofertilizer for Rice Paddy Fields in the Po Valley, a Temperate Rice Area in Northern Italy. International Journal of Agronomy. 2010, 1, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/152158
Klinkong, T. Eggplant bush arrangement. Economic vegetables. 2013, 04/45, 70-71.
Thiranithiwat. K. Soil pH. Source: Available online. 2024, https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bcd6215e39c3060010516?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c306000684f. (accessed on April 26, 2024).
Horticultural Research Institute. Growing of eggplant and long eggplant, Department of Agriculture. 2024, Available online: https://www.rakbankerd.com/agriculture/print.php?id=5102&s=tblplant. (accessed on 18 May 2024).