Clove Position on the Induction of Single-Clove Garlic, Yield, and Bioactive Compounds
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Abstract
Garlic is a valuable crop renowned for its medicinal properties and nutritional value, widely consumed in raw and processed. In Thailand’s garlic production system, common garlic predominates, while single-clove garlic represents a smaller portion but commands higher prices due to its elevated levels of bioactive compounds and associated health benefits, leading to increased market demand. Research indicates that planting smaller cloves may enhance single-clove garlic production. Garlic cultivation in Thailand is primarily concentrated in the northern and northeastern regions, with only 1-2% of the production area dedicated to single-clove garlic. This study aimed to increase single-clove garlic yields by comparing different clove positions to optimize production and bioactive compound content, providing practical guidance for farmers. The experiment involved two treatments: inner cloves (0.5-0.8 g) and outer cloves (0.8-1.1 g). Yield components and bioactive compounds were analyzed. Results showed that outer cloves produced 100% common garlic bulbs, while inner cloves yielded 98.4% common bulbs and 1.6% single-clove garlic. Despite higher fresh yields of common bulbs from outer cloves, inner cloves produced 40.56 kg/ha of single-clove garlic. Weight loss after 30 days was 41–42% for common bulbs and 54.73% for single-clove garlic. Single-clove garlic showed more significant reductions in bulb and neck diameter. Notably, single-clove garlic contained the highest allicin content (35.79 mg/g FW) and DPPH inhibition (30.51%), indicating superior antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that planting inner cloves effectively promotes single-clove garlic production with enhanced bioactive properties, offering valuable insights for farmers.
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