Experimental Investigation of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of 304L Stainless Steel on MnS Inclusions in Chloride Environments Applied to the Mediterranean Industry
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Structures made of stainless steel experience a gradual deterioration in their fundamental properties when exposed to both mechanical stress and harsh environmental conditions. This study aims to analyze the impact of cold tensile deformation on the localized roughness corrosion of 304L stainless steel in a 3% NaCl solution, mimicking seawater conditions. Corrosion tests were performed on samples obtained from standardised tensile specimens of the Public Economic Enterprise for the Production of Bolts, Cutlery, and Faucets (BCR) in Boumerdes, Algeria, which had experienced deformation at strain levels of 2.18%, 3.63%, 10.90%, and 16.36%. The results, including corrosion susceptibility, pitting behavior, and repassivation potentials, were evaluated and compared based on the strain. Findings indicate that all measured potentials decrease as the strain increases, except for the roughness potential, which shows a significant decline. This suggests a notable reduction in the material's corrosion resistance with higher deformation levels.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Kaladhar, M.; Subbaiah, K. V.; Rao, C. S. Machining of austenitic stainless steels –a review. International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 2012, 12(1–2), 178–192.
Peguet, L.; Malki, B.; Baroux, B. Influence of Cold Working on the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels. ECS Meeting Abstracts 2006, MA2006-02(17), 859–859. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2006-02/17/859
Dhaiveegan, P.; et al. Corrosion behavior of 316L and 304 stainless steels exposed to industrial-marine-urban environment: field study. Rsc Advances 2016, 6(53), 47314–47324. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA04015B
Luo, H.; et al. Effect of cold deformation on the electrochemical behaviour of 304L stainless steel in contaminated sulfuric acid environment. Applied Surface Science 2017, 425, 628–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.057
Bansod, A. V.; et al. Microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical evaluation of dissimilar low Ni SS and 304 SS using different filler materials. Materials Research 2018, 22(1), e20170203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2017-0203
Kundu, R. Development of chromium and chromium-nickel electro coated mild steel to enhance corrosion resistance comparable to 304 stainless steel in 3.5% chloride water. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22538
Guo, S.; et al. Corrosion characteristics of typical Ni–Cr alloys and Ni–Cr–Mo alloys in supercritical water: a review. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2020, 59(42), 18727–18739. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04292
Yu, W.-W.; LaBoube, R. A.; Chen, H. Cold-formed steel design; John Wiley & Sons, 2019.
Scatigno, G. G.; Dong, P.; Ryan, M. P.; Wenman, M. R. The Effect of Salt Loading on Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel under Atmospheric Conditions. SSRN Electronic Journal 2019. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3441481
Ibrahim, M. Z. A. A. Developing a new laser cladded FeCrMoCB metallic glass layer on nickel-free stainless-steel as a potential superior wear-resistant coating for joint replacement implants. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Malaya (Malaysia), 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125755
Bellanthudawa, B. K. A.; et al. A perspective on biodegradable and non-biodegradable nanoparticles in industrial sectors: applications, challenges, and future prospects. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering 2023, 8(4), 975–1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-023-00344-7
Parangusan, H.; Bhadra, J.; Al-Thani, N. A review of passivity breakdown on metal surfaces: influence of chloride-and sulfide-ion concentrations, temperature, and pH. Emergent Materials 2021, 4(5), 1187–1203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00194-6
Keegan, G. M.; Learmonth, I. D.; Case, C. A systematic comparison of the actual, potential, and theoretical health effects of cobalt and chromium exposures from industry and surgical implants. Critical reviews in toxicology 2008, 38(8), 645–674. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440701845534
Linde, G. F. Investigating the performance of thermal spray coatings on agriculture equipment. Ph.D. Thesis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 2016.
Moayyedian, M.; et al. Tensile Test Optimization Using the Design of Experiment and Soft Computing. Processes 2023, 11(11), 3106. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11113106
Esmailzadeh, S.; Aliofkhazraei, M.; Sarlak, H. Interpretation of cyclic potentiodynamic polarization test results for study of corrosion behavior of metals: a review. Protection of metals and physical chemistry of surfaces 2018, 54(5), 976–989. https://doi.org/10.1134/S207020511805026X
Bautista, A.; Blanco, G.; Velasco, F.; Gutiérrez, A.; Soriano, L.; Palomares, F. J.; Takenouti, H. Changes in the Passive Layer of Corrugated Austenitic Stainless Steel of Low Nickel Content due to Exposure to Simulated Pore Solutions. Corrosion Science 2009, 51(4), 785–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.01.012
He, N.; Li, H.; Ji, L.; Liu, X.; Chen, J. Investigation of Metal Elements Diffusion in Cr2O3 Film and Its Effects on Mechanical Properties. Ceramics International 2019, 46(5), 6811–6819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.11.173
Chicot, D.; et al. Interpretation of instrumented hardness measurements on stainless steel with different surface preparations. Surface Engineering 2007, 23(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1179/174329407X161573
Cai, Y.; Zheng, H.; Hu, X.; Lu, J.; Poon, C. S.; Li, W. Comparative Studies on Passivation and Corrosion Behaviors of Two Types of Steel Bars in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 266, 120971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120971
Dobmann, G.; Kern, R.; Wolter, B. Mechanical property determination of heavy steel plates and cold rolled steel sheets by micro-magnetic NDT. In 16th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing (WCNDT), 2004; Fraunhofer-IZFP, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Yu, W.-W.; LaBoube, R. A.; Chen, H. Cold-formed steel design; John Wiley & Sons, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119487425
Noronha, D. J.; et al. Deep rolling techniques: A comprehensive review of process parameters and impacts on the material properties of commercial steels. Metals 2024, 14(6), 667. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060667
Dehghani, F.; Salimi, M. Analytical and experimental analysis of the formability of copper-stainless-steel 304L clad metal sheets in deep drawing. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2016, 82 (1), 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7359-9
Jeon, J. H.; Ahn, S.-H.; Melkote, S. N. In Situ analysis of the effect of ultrasonic cavitation on electrochemical polishing of additively manufactured metal surfaces. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 2024, 146(4), 041003. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064692
Othman, N. H.; et al. The effect of residual solvent in carbon− based filler reinforced polymer coating on the curing properties, mechanical and corrosive behaviour. Materials 2022, 15(10), 3445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103445
Ogazi, A. C. Comparative Studies of Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in Some Agro-Fluids. Ph.D. Thesis, University of South Africa (South Africa), 2015.
Last, B. A. Research Concerning the Reference Electrode of the Three Electrode Device for Measuring Corrosion Rates. 2013.
Lin, Y.; et al. Mechanical properties and optimal grain size distribution profile of gradient grained nickel. Acta Materialia 2018, 153, 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.04.065
Guo, S.; et al. Corrosion characteristics of typical Ni–Cr alloys and Ni–Cr–Mo alloys in supercritical water: a review. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2020, 59(42), 18727–18739. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04292
Lingelbach, M. E. Y. Application of Data Mining and Machine Learning Methods to Industrial Heat Treatment Processes for Hardness Prediction. Dissertation, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5445/KSP/1000169018
Vafaeian, S.; et al. On the study of tensile and strain hardening behavior of a thermomechanically treated ferritic stainless steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A 2016, 669, 480–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.050
Cios, G.; et al. The investigation of strain-induced martensite reverse transformation in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 2017, 48(10), 4999–5008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4228-1
Lin, Y.; et al. Mechanical properties and optimal grain size distribution profile of gradient grained nickel. Acta Materialia 2018, 153, 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.04.065
Radojković, B. M.; et al. Non-destructive evaluation of the AISI 304 stainless steel susceptibility to intergranular corrosion by electrical conductivity measurements. Metals and Materials International 2024, 30(3), 682–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-023-01536-1
Hadri, F. l’Université de Lorraine, France, 2012.
Stalker, K. Illustrating pit initiation and evolution in aluminum alloys according to a 3-dimensional cellular automata based model. Honors Research Project, The University of Akron, 2016.
Punckt, C.; Bölscher, M.; Rotermund, H. H.; Mikhailov, A. S.; Organ, L.; Budiansky, N.; Scully, J. R.; Hudson, J. L. Sudden Onset of Pitting Corrosion on Stainless Steel as a Critical Phenomenon. Science 2004, 305 (5687), 1133–1136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1101358
Park, J. H.; Kang, Y. Inclusions in stainless steels− a review. steel research international 2017, 88(12), 1700130. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201700130
Soltis, J. Passivity breakdown, pit initiation and propagation of pits in metallic materials–review. Corrosion Science 2015, 90, 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.10.006.
