Valorization of White Shrimp Shell Waste: Development of Chitosan-Based Pellet Feed for Enhanced Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Nutrition
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This study demonstrates the development and application of an eco-friendly Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed formulation incorporating chitosan extracted from white shrimp shells. The extraction process yielded purified chitosan through ultrasonic deproteinization, acid demineralization, and alkaline deacetylation, confirmed by FTIR spectrophotometry. Three experimental feed formulations containing varying chitosan levels (10%, 15%, and 20%) were prepared and evaluated through proximate analysis. Formula 2 (15% chitosan) was identified as optimal, meeting standard nutritional requirements for aquafeeds while maximizing protein content and minimizing ash levels. A 14-week growth trial using the optimal feed showed that tilapia exhibited healthy growth performance, with an average weight of 14.90 g, length of 10.05 cm, and a survival rate of 77.50%. Water quality parameters remained within acceptable ranges, confirming the environmental compatibility of the feed. These results align with previous findings that chitosan supplementation enhances feed conversion and growth in aquaculture species. This work underscores the value of converting shrimp shell waste into a functional feed additive, offering a sustainable solution for improving aquafeed quality and promoting circular economy practices in aquaculture. By integrating waste valorization and local feed production, this research contributes to safer, more sustainable fish farming while reducing reliance on chemical additives. The approach supports both environmental stewardship and community livelihood development in regions where aquaculture is an essential economic sector.
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