Edible Mushroom Extracts: Evaluating Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anticancer Effects
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Abstract
Edible mushrooms have also been recognized as valuable sources of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic benefits. Although several edible mushrooms have demonstrated anticancer effects, limited studies have investigated their impact on colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, it is of interest to further examine the relationship between the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and anticancer potential of edible mushroom extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of ethanolic extracts from eight edible mushrooms sourced from Wang Nam Khiao Farm on HT-29 cells and to investigate the relationship between their total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer activity. Total phenolic content was the highest in Lentinus edodes. The strongest antioxidant property was observed in Pleurotus ostreatus. Based on anticancer results, the mushrooms were classified into three groups: vigorous activity (P. ostreatus, Auricularia auricular-judae, Pleurotus djamor, and Pleurotus sajor-caju), moderate activity (Tremella fuciformis and Volvariella volvacea), and low activity (Flammulina velutipes and L. edodes). A positive relationship was generally observed between total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and anticancer efficacy, suggesting that phenolic compounds may play a role in mediating anticancer effects. Interestingly, L. edodes was an exception, exhibiting elevated total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, yet demonstrating low anticancer activity, indicating that additional bioactive compounds or mechanisms may contribute to its anticancer effects. These findings highlight the promising role of edible mushrooms as potential sources of natural antioxidants and anticancer agents for the prevention of colon cancer. Further chemical characterization and mechanistic studies are required to elucidate the compounds responsible for the biological activities.
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