Optimizing Brown Rice Drying With Modified LSU Systems For Energy Efficiency, Carbon Reduction, and 2AP Preservation
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Abstract
This research examines how the quality of 2AP in Thai fragrant brown rice is affected by non-continuous LSU drying, emphasizing thermal energy management, moisture content, and aroma retention, which exhibit significant interrelationships and nonlinear responses across drying conditions and carbon emissions. The drying system employed an LSU-type dryer, a cyclone hot-air furnace, and a paddle mixer, using 4 tons of coal daily. This is equivalent to 26,680 kWh daily or an average power of 1,112 kW. The experiment took place in two stages: the first used 16,008 kWh/day to bring rice moisture down to 24.3-29.3%, averaging 26.5%, while the second used 10,672 kWh/day to reduce moisture to 10.9-12.4%, averaging 12.0%. During the 33.3% (stage-2 saving), energy use decreased the total system saving by 54.71%. In line with this, CO₂ emissions dropped from 13,337 kg.CO₂/day to 8,003 kg.CO₂/day a decrease of 5,334 kg.CO₂/day. Drying was meticulously controlled, with furnace temperatures maintained below 145°C and hot-air temperatures kept below 120°C. The research, conducted at a commercial rice mill operated by Maejaitana Chotiwat Co., Ltd., documented 2AP levels ranging from 1.83 to 2.67 µg/g, averaging 2.14 µg/g, with a mean drying temperature of 37.8°C. The results suggest that energy management, moisture control, and aroma retention are positively correlated. The study underscores the promise of low-emission, energy-efficient drying methods for improving product quality and promoting sustainability in the agro-industrial sector, with potential applications for crops such as cassava and corn.
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