Effects of Dietary Insect Powder Supplementation on Hematological Parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fry
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Abstract
The increasing demand for sustainable protein sources in aquaculture has driven research into insect meal as an alternative to fishmeal for fish nutrition. This study evaluated the effects of dietary insect powder supplementation on blood parameters and liver enzymes in common carp (*Cyprinus carpio*) fry to assess both efficacy and safety of this protein source. Seventy-two common carp fry (average weight 16.65±0.01 g) were randomly distributed into four treatments with six fish per replicate: T0 (control diet), T1 (1% insect powder), T2 (2% insect powder), and T3 (3% insect powder). The insect powder consisted of equal proportions of dried grasshopper and mealworms mixed with a commercial floating diet (30% crude protein, 412 kcal/g gross energy). After 60 days of feeding, blood samples were collected to analyze hematological parameters including red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets, and white blood cells, as well as liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). All insect powder supplementation treatments significantly improved blood parameters compared to the control, with treatment effectiveness following the order T3 > T2 > T1 > T0. Treatment T3 achieved the highest values for red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Notably, liver enzyme levels showed no significant differences between treatments, indicating the absence of hepatotoxicity. The results demonstrate that insect powder supplementation, particularly at 3% inclusion level, effectively enhances hematological parameters in common carp fry without causing liver damage, supporting its potential as a safe and beneficial alternative protein source in aquaculture feeds.
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