Surveillance of Rotavirus A Genotypes in Diarrheal Cases from Humans and Bovine in Basra Province, Iraq
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Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) remains a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals, with potential for zoonotic transmission. Limited molecular surveillance data exist from Iraq regarding circulating genotypes in both populations. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and genotype distribution of RVA in human and bovine diarrheal cases in Basra Province, Iraq. Fifty-four fecal samples, each from humans and bovines with acute diarrhea (≥3 episodes/day within 72 hours), were collected from January to September 2024. A partial VP7 gene segment (897 bp) was amplified using RT-PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis for G-genotype determination. Statistical analysis was employed to assess the relationships between demographic factors and infection rates. RVA prevalence was 22.22% (12/54) in humans and 25.92% (14/54) in bovines. Neither age nor sex showed a significant association with infection rates (P > 0.05, chi-square < 3.841). Based on VP7 sequencing of 26 positive samples, predominant G-genotypes were G6 (38%), G8 (38%), and G2 (23%). Binomial classification revealed G6(P11) (30.8%), G2(P4) (23%), and G8(P8) (15%) as most frequent combinations. In humans, G2 and G8 predominated with P-genotypes P2>P7=P4>P1=P14. In bovines, G6 and G8 were most common, with P11 > P1> P4 = P5 = P8. Notably, G8(P4) was identified as a shared genotype between species, suggesting potential zoonotic transmission. This study demonstrates comparable RVA prevalence in human and bovine populations, with an overlapping genotype distribution, particularly G8 and its associated P-genotypes. These findings support the need for integrated One Health surveillance approaches and consideration of circulating animal genotypes in vaccine formulation strategies for Iraq.
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