Recent Studies on the Applications of Zeolite
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Natural zeolites develop their three-dimensional microporous structures because their crystalline aluminosilicate composition contains tetrahedral silica and alumina units, which connect through oxygen atom bonds. The structural configuration creates a porous system containing numerous interconnected voids and passageways that typically hold water molecules, together with exchangeable cations. Natural zeolite has become useful for numerous applications since its discovery, including its use as a pozzolan in cement and concrete production and as an adsorbent. The market for synthetic zeolite has gained popularity because natural zeolite cannot meet current market demand. In keeping with the current trend in the building sector toward sustainable materials with superior performance, natural zeolites offer a cost-effective, environmentally friendly alternative with a variety of applications in modern cement-based systems. The research study investigating zeolites for biomedical purposes will demonstrate their value as vital components in creating affordable medical treatments that perform multiple functions. Natural zeolites can purify radioactive waste because they contain clinoptilolite, chabazite, and mordenite, which enable ion exchange, select materials, provide radiation protection, and are low-cost.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
[1] Mumpton, A.; La, M. Uses of Natural Zeolites in Agriculture and Industry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96, 3463–3470. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3463
[2] Ismail, S.; Cemil, Y.; Bilgin, K.; Derek, B. Adsorption Properties of a Natural Zeolite-Water Pair for Use in Adsorption Cooling Cycles. Appl. Energy 2010, 87, 2062–2067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.027
[3] Król, M. Natural vs. Synthetic Zeolites. Crystals 2020, 10, 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070622
[4] Low, W.; Chai, Y.; Lee, H.; Abdul, R. Pollutants Removal Using Zeolite and Saltwater Clamshell (Paratapes textilis) in Fabricated Model. Environ. Eng. Manage. J. 2024, 23, 377–386. https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2024.030
[5] Rahmani, A.; Mahvi, A.; Mesdaghinia, R.; Nasseri, S. Investigation of Ammonia Removal from Polluted Waters by Clinoptilolite Zeolite. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 1, 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325825
[6] Metes, A.; Papic, S.; Kovacevic, D. The Role of Zeolites in Wastewater Treatment of Printing Inks. Water Res. 2004, 38, 3373–3381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.012
[7] Krstić, V. Role of Zeolite Adsorbent in Water Treatment. In Handbook of Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2021; pp 417–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821496-1.00024-6
[8] Cheng, T.; Chai, W.; Chang, Y.; Show, P. Removal of Protein Wastes by Cylinder-Shaped NaY Zeolite Adsorbents Decorated with Heavy Metal Wastes. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2021, 185, 761–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.177
[9] Wang, S.; Zhu, Z. Characterisation and Environmental Application of an Australian Natural Zeolite for Basic Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, 136, 946–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.038
[10] Murat, A.; Abdulkerim, K. Promoted Dye Adsorption Performance over Desilicated Natural Zeolite. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2011, 145, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.05.012
[11] Markovic, R.; Gardic, V.; Obradovic, L.; Djordjievski, S. The Application of a Natural Zeolite for Acid Mine Drainage Purification. Mater. Trans. 2015, 56, 2053–2057. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M2015292
[12] Elboughdiri, N. The Use of Natural Zeolite to Remove Heavy Metals Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) from Industrial Wastewater. Cogent Eng. 2020, 7, 1782623. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1782623
[13] Palakorn, B.; Kriangkrai, B. Adsorption Isotherm of Phenol by Synthesis SUZ-4 Zeolite from Rice Husk Ash. ASEAN J. Sci. Technol. Rep. 2015, 18, 64–71.
[14] Boonsai, P.; Paisan, K. Kinetics Oxidation Reaction of Wastewater Containing Phenolic Compounds by H₂O₂ and Fe/SUZ-4 Zeolite. ASEAN J. Sci. Technol. Rep. 2014, 17, 69–77.
[15] Liu, Y.; Wang, J.; Wang, T.; Pan, W. Removing Mercury from Flue Gas by Sulfur-Doped Zeolite-Templated Carbon: Synthesis and Adsorption Mechanism. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2022, 294, 121228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121228
[16] Murthy, P.; Parikh, P.; Patel, B. Application of β-Zeolite, Zeolite Y, and Mordenite as Adsorbents to Remove Mercury from Aqueous Solution. J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 2013, 34, 747–755. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2012.685839
[17] Mark, A. The Removal of Copper and Nickel from Aqueous Solution Using Y Zeolite Ion Exchangers. Colloids Surf., A 1998, 138, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(97)00078-2
[18] Yang, Y.; Ellis, V.; Joseph, G.; Rachel, P.; John, W. Copper Removal Using Bio-Inspired Polydopamine Coated Natural Zeolites. J. Hazard. Mater. 2014, 273, 174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.048
[19] Jitlada, C.; Jutamas, S.; Thidarat, H.; Javadi, B.; Ohama, P. Synthesis of Zeolite P-Metal Organic Composite Beads for Superior Cationic Dye Removal. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2025, 177, 114344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2025.114344
[20] Arroussi, A.; Laksaci, H.; Djaafri, M. Prepared 13X Zeolite from Local Natural Clay as a Promising Adsorbent for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Medium. Fibers Polym. 2025, 26, 2031–2041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-025-00930-3
[21] Parastar, S.; Asl, F. B.; Poureshgh, [initials or remaining author information needed]. Assessment of the Efficiency of Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Iron Magnetic Nanoparticles Immobilized on Clinoptilolite Zeolite. Int. J. Environ. Res. 2025, 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-024-00702-6
[22] Fauzi, I.; Khairurrijal, K.; Arif, M.; Abdul, M.; Kuwat, T. Glycerol-Assisted Modification of 3D-Printed Zeolite (3D-Ze/Gy) for Enhanced Methylene Blue Dye Removal in Aqueous Solutions. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2025, 27. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202402555
[23] Feze, F.; Kenda, T.; Raoul, T.; Fotsop, C. Design and Characterisation of Activated Magnetic Zeolite 4A from Naturally Occurring Kaolin Clay of Cameroonian Origin for Optimised Dye Removal by Fenton-like Degradation. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2025, 105, 5211–5239. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2024.2389417
[24] Singh, S.; Kumar, N. Removal of Chlorpyrifos from Waste Water by Using Lignocellulosic Zeolites. J. Exp. Zool. India 2026, 29, 911–915. https://doi.org/10.51470/jez.2026.29.1.911
[25] Luong, H.; Le, P.; Phan, H.; Duong, Q.; Tran, T. Single and Competitive Adsorption of Lead, Cadmium, and Chromium Ions Using NaP Zeolite: Kinetics, Isotherms, and Adsorption Properties. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2026, 54. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70151
[26] Lamari, R.; Benamar, B.; Hamza, M.; Brahmi, A.; Souad, D. Experimental and Modelling Study of Adsorption and Diffusion of Hexavalent Chromium in Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-11. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2026, 106, 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2025.2511989
[27] Ramutshatsha, D.; Mnisi, M.; Akawa, N. Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red from Wastewater Using Magnetite@ZnO@Zeolite Composite. Discover Water 2026, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-026-00359-6
[28] Jing, L.; Xin, Y. Highly Efficient Removal of SYSPERSE Yellow L4G Textile Dye Using a Zeolite/UiO-66 Composite: Optimization, Mechanism, and Reusability. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 2026, 103, 102502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2026.102502
[29] Yu, D.; Li, F.; Wang, Q.; Liu, Q.; Che, Y. An Oil Shale Ash-Based Fe₃O₄@NaY Magnetic Zeolite with Rapid and High Removal Efficiency for Crystal Violet. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2026, 14, 122444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.122444
[30] Arroussi, A.; Laksaci, H.; Hiri, A. Faujasite Zeolite Y Synthesized from Natural White Clay for the Adsorptive Removal of Amoxicillin from Wastewater. React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. 2026, 139, 1395–1417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-026-03045-9
[31] Pucarevic, M.; Stojic, N.; Kuzmanovski, I. Removal of Pesticides from Water Using Zeolites. Kuwait J. Sci. 2017, 44, 99–105.
[32] Nur, F.; Abdul, Q.; Azat, S.; Hafi, O. Revolutionizing Dye Removal in Wastewater: An Optimization Study of Curcumin-Functionalized Zeolite Beads for Methylene Blue Adsorption. Surf. Interfaces 2025, 72, 107434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107434
[33] Safie, N.; Zahrim, Y.; Rajin, M.; Ismail, M.; Saalah, S. Adsorption of Ammonium Ion Using Zeolite, Chitosan, Bleached Fibre and Activated Carbon. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019, 606, 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/606/1/012003
[34] Usa, O.; Choorod, P. Removal of Lead and Copper on ZSM-5 Zeolite by Computational Chemistry Method. ASEAN J. Sci. Technol. Rep. 2014, 17, 143–151.
[35] Eroglu, N.; Emekci, M.; Athanassiou, C. Applications of Natural Zeolites on Agriculture and Food Production. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2017, 97, 3487–3499. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8312
[36] Mazur, G.; Medvid, K.; Grigora, T. Use of Natural Zeolites for Increasing the Fertility of Light Textured Soils. Pochvovedenie 1984, 10, 70–77.
[37] Cataldo, E.; Salvi, L.; Paoli, F.; Fucile, M. Application of Zeolites in Agriculture and Other Potential Uses: A Review. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081547
[38] Abdelrahman, M.; Al-Baadani, H.; Qaid, M.; Al-Garadi, M. Using Natural Zeolite as a Feed Additive in Broilers' Diets for Enhancing Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality Traits. Life 2023, 13, 1548. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13071548
[39] Khachlouf, K.; Hamed, H.; Gdoura, R.; Gargouri, A. Effects of Dietary Zeolite Supplementation on Milk Yield and Composition and Blood Minerals Status in Lactating Dairy Cows. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 2019, 47, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1563548
[40] Pérez-Ramírez, J.; Christensen, C. H.; Egeblad, K.; Christensen, C. H.; Groen, J. C. Hierarchical Zeolites: Enhanced Utilisation of Microporous Crystals in Catalysis by Advances in Materials Design. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 2530–2542. https://doi.org/10.1039/B809030K
[41] Grose, R. W.; Flanigen, E. M. Novel Zeolite Compositions and Processes for Preparing and Using Same. U.S. Patent 4,257,885, March 24, 1981.
[42] Wu, Q.; Wang, X.; Qi, G.; Guo, Q.; Pan, S.; Meng, X.; Xu, J.; Deng, F.; Fan, F.; Feng, Z.; et al. Sustainable Synthesis of Zeolites without Addition of Both Organotemplates and Solvents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 4019–4025. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja500098j
[43] Wang, L.; Zhang, Z.; Yin, C.; Shan, Z.; Xiao, F.-S. Hierarchical Mesoporous Zeolites with Controllable Mesoporosity Templated from Cationic Polymers. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2010, 131, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.12.001
[44] Möller, K.; Yilmaz, B.; Jacubinas, R. M.; Müller, U.; Bein, T. One-Step Synthesis of Hierarchical Zeolite Beta via Network Formation of Uniform Nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5284–5295. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja108698s
[45] Ng, E.-P.; Goupil, J.-M.; Vicente, A.; Fernandez, C.; Retoux, R.; Valtchev, V.; Mintova, S. Nucleation and Crystal Growth Features of EMT-Type Zeolite Synthesized from an Organic-Template-Free System. Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 4758–4765. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm3035455
[46] Majeed, N. S.; Majeed, J. T. Synthesis of Nanozeolite NaA from Pure Source Material Using Sol Gel Method. J. Eng. 2017, 23, 52–62. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2017.06.04
[47] Zhang, H.; Song, K.; Wang, L.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Tang, Y. Organic Structure Directing Agent-Free and Seed-Induced Synthesis of Enriched Intracrystal Mesoporous ZSM-5 Zeolite for Shape-Selective Reaction. ChemCatChem 2013, 5, 2874–2878. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201300242
[48] Xi, D.; Sun, Q.; Xu, J.; Cho, M.; Cho, H. S.; Asahina, S.; Li, Y.; Deng, F.; Terasaki, O.; Yu, J. In Situ Growth-Etching Approach to the Preparation of Hierarchically Macroporous Zeolites with High MTO Catalytic Activity and Selectivity. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 17994–18004. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA03030C
[49] Gu, F.; Wei, F.; Yang, J. Y.; Lin, N.; Lin, W.-G.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, J.-H. New Strategy to Synthesis of Hierarchical Mesoporous Zeolites. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 2442–2450. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm903785r
[50] Weissenberger, T.; Machoke, A. G.; Bauer, J.; Dotzel, R.; Casci, J. L.; Hartmann, M.; Schwieger, W. Hierarchical ZSM-5 Catalysts: The Effect of Different Intracrystalline Pore Dimensions on Catalyst Deactivation Behaviour in the MTO Reaction. ChemCatChem 2020, 12, 2461–2468. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201902362
[51] Zampieri, A.; Colombo, P.; Mabande, G. T. P.; Selvam, T.; Schwieger, W.; Scheffler, F. Zeolite Coatings on Microcellular Ceramic Foams: A Novel Route to Microreactor and Microseparator Devices. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 819–823. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200306304
[52] Li, C.; Wang, Y.; Shi, B.; Ren, J.; Liu, X.; Wang, Y.; Guo, Y.; Guo, Y.; Lu, G. Synthesis of Hierarchical MFI Zeolite Microspheres with Stacking Nanocrystals. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2009, 117, 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2008.06.017
[53] Smeets, V.; Gaigneaux, E. M.; Debecker, D. P. Hierarchical Micro-/Macroporous TS-1 Zeolite Epoxidation Catalyst Prepared by Steam-Assisted Crystallization. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2020, 293, 109801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109801
[54] Khaleque, A.; Alam, M.; Hoque, M.; Mondal, S.; Bin Haider, J.; Xu, B.; Johir, M.; Karmakar, A. K.; Zhou, J.; Ahmed, M. B.; et al. Zeolite Synthesis from Low-Cost Materials and Environmental Applications: A Review. Environ. Adv. 2020, 2, 100019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2020.100019
[55] Wang, Y.; Wang, R.; Xu, D.; Sun, C.; Ni, L.; Fu, W.; Zeng, S.; Jiang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Qiu, S. Synthesis and Properties of MFI Zeolites with Microporous, Mesoporous, and Macroporous Hierarchical Structures by a Gel-Casting Technique. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 4398–4405. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NJ03387J
[56] Wojciechowska, K. The Influence of Desilication/Dealumination Processes on the Physicochemical Properties of Clinoptilolite. Clay Miner. 2019, 54, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2019.17
[57] Aly, A.; Abdel-Rahim, M.; Lotfy, M.; Abdelaty, B. The Applicability of Activated Carbon, Natural Zeolites, and Probiotics (EM®) and Its Effects on Ammonia Removal Efficiency and Fry Performance of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). J. Aquac. Res. Dev. 2016, 7, 459. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.10004590
[58] Abdel-Rahim, M. Sustainable Use of Natural Zeolites in Aquaculture: A Short Review. Oceanogr. Fish. Open Access J. 2017, 2, 70–75. https://doi.org/10.19080/OFOAJ.2017.02.555593
[59] Hasan, M.; Haque, M.; Hasan, A.; Bashar, A. Assessing the Impacts of Zeolite on Water Quality, Growth Performance, Heavy Metal Content, and Health Condition of Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquac. Rep. 2023, 31, 101678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101678
[60] Wang, S.; Peng, Y. Natural Zeolites as Effective Adsorbents in Water and Wastewater Treatment. Chem. Eng. J. 2010, 156, 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.029
[61] Mouctar, H.; Hassan, G.; Bimbo, N.; Abbas, S.; Shigidi, I. Comparative Assessment and Deployment of Zeolites, MOFs, and Activated Carbons for CO₂ Capture and Geological Sequestration Applications. Inventions 2025, 10, 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions10050078
[62] Li, Y.; Li, L.; Yu, J. Applications of Zeolites in Sustainable Chemistry. Chem 2017, 3, 928–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.10.009
[63] Zheng, Y.; Li, X.; Dutta, K. Exploitation of Unique Properties of Zeolites in the Development of Gas Sensors. Sensors 2012, 12, 5170–5194. https://doi.org/10.3390/s120405170
[64] Tran, T.; Lee, J.; Kumar, P.; Kim, K. Natural Zeolite and Its Application in Concrete Composite Production. Compos. Part B Eng. 2019, 165, 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.084
[65] Rashetnia, R.; Dousti, A.; Khatami, D.; Ahmadi, B. Effect of Natural Zeolite and Silica Fume as Pozzolanic Materials on the Chloride Diffusion of Concrete. In Proceedings of the International Congress on Durability of Concrete; Trondheim, Norway, June 18–21, 2012.
[66] Wahyuni, A.; Mulyati, S.; Hayati, Y. Performance Analysis of Ordinary Portland Cement and Portland Pozzolan Cement in Improving Sea Sand and Sea Water Concrete with Zeolite Powder. J. Ecol. Eng. 2025, 26, 264–274. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/200278
[67] Jana, D. A New Look to an Old Pozzolan, Clinoptilolite—A Promising Pozzolan in Concrete. In Proceedings of the 29th ICMA Conference on Cement Microscopy; Quebec City, QC, Canada, May 20–24, 2007; Curran Associates, Inc.: New York, NY, USA, 2007; pp 168–206.
[68] Mostafaei, H.; Bahmani, H. Sustainable High-Performance Concrete Using Zeolite Powder: Mechanical and Carbon Footprint Analyses. Buildings 2024, 14, 3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113660
[69] Rodriguez, G.; Barrios, M.; Perdomo, I.; Iraizoz, A.; Cedre, B. Enterex: Antidiarrheic Drug Based on Purified Natural Clinoptilolite. Zeolites 1997, 19, 441–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-2449(97)00087-0
[70] Gerardo, R.; Aramis, R.; Maria, A.; Antonio, I. Antacid Drug Based on Purified Natural Clinoptilolite. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2006, 94, 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.03.032
[71] Potgieter, W.; Samuels, S.; Snyman, R. Potentiated Clinoptilolite: Artificially Enhanced Aluminosilicate Reduces Symptoms Associated with Endoscopically Negative Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Gastritis. Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol. 2014, 7, 215–220. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S51222
[72] Grce, M.; Pavelić, K. Antiviral Properties of Clinoptilolite. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2005, 79, 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.10.039
[73] Pavelić, K.; Hadžija, M.; Bedrica, L.; Pavelić, J.; Signikić, D.; Katić, M. Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite: New Adjuvant in Anticancer Therapy. J. Mol. Med. 2000, 78, 708–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001090000176
[74] Pavelić, K.; Micek, V.; Bobinac, D.; Bazdulj, E.; Gianoncelli, A.; Krpan, D. Treatment of Osteoporosis with a Modified Zeolite Shows Beneficial Effects in an Osteoporotic Rat Model and a Human Clinical Trial. Exp. Biol. Med. 2021, 246, 529–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370220968752
[75] Khatamian, M.; Yavari, A.; Akbarzadeh, A.; Alizadeh, E. Synthesis and Characterization of MFI-Type Borosilicate Zeolites and Evaluation of Their Efficiency as Drug Delivery Systems. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2017, 78, 1212–1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.008
[76] Avery, K. L.; Peixoto, C.; Barcellona, M.; Bernards, M. T.; Hunt, H. K. Lysozyme Sorption by Pure-Silica Zeolite MFI Films. Mater. Today Commun. 2019, 19, 352–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.03.004
[77] Angiolini, L.; Cohen, B.; Douhal, A. Single Crystal FLIM Characterization of Clofazimine Loaded in Silica-Based Mesoporous Materials and Zeolites. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122859
[78] Karavasili, C.; Kontogiannidou, E.; Chatzitaki, A. T.; Barmpalexis, P.; Fatouros, D. G. Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of an Anti-Hyperlipidemic Drug Release from Microporous Zeolites Differing in Si/Al Content. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2020, 305, 110343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110343
[79] Kwakye, B.; Williams, C.; Kenward, M. A.; Radecka, I. Antimicrobial Action and Efficiency of Silver-Loaded Zeolite X. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2008, 104, 1516–1524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03673.x
[80]Kontogiannidou, E.; Karavasili, C.; Kouskoura, G.; Filippousi, M.; Van Tendeloo, G. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Assessment of Microporous Faujasite Zeolite (NaX-FAU) as a Carrier for the Oral Delivery of Danazol. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2019, 51, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.036
[81] Ahali, Z.; Saviano, G.; Ballirano, P.; Santonicola, G. Curcumin-Loaded Zeolite as Anticancer Drug Carrier: Effect of Curcumin Adsorption on Zeolite Structure. Pure Appl. Chem. 2020, 92, 461–471. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1213
[82] Fatouros, D.; Douroumis, D.; Nikolakis, V.; Ntais, S.; Moschovi, A.; Trivedi, V. In Vitro and in Silico Investigations of Drug Delivery via Zeolite BEA. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 7789–7794. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JM10204D
[83] Vergara, J.; Alejandro, S.; Pesenti, H.; Cerda, F.; Fernández, A. Obtaining Nanoparticles of Chilean Natural Zeolite and Its Ion Exchange with Copper Salt (Cu²⁺) for Antibacterial Applications. Materials 2019, 12, 2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132202
[84] El-Kasaby, A.; Nanoff, C.; Nizet, S.; Tschegg, C.; Freissmuth, M. Purified Clinoptilolite-Tuff as a Trap for Amines Associated with Chronic Wounds: Binding of Cadaverine, Putrescine, Histamines and Polyamines. Sci. Pharm. 2025, 93, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93010007
[85] Qi, Y.; Qian, K.; Chen, J.; Shi, Y.; Li, H. Thermoreversible Antibacterial Zeolite-Based Nanoparticles Loaded Hydrogel Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing via Detrimental Factor Neutralization and ROS Scavenging. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2021, 19, 414. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-01151-5
[86] Abdollahi, T.; Towfighi, J.; Rezaei, H. Sorption of Cesium and Strontium Ions by Natural Zeolite and Management of Produced Secondary Waste. Environ. Technol. Innov. 2020, 17, 100592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2019.100592
[87] Borai, H.; Harjula, R.; Paajanen, A. Efficient Removal of Cesium from Low-Level Radioactive Liquid Waste Using Natural and Impregnated Zeolite Minerals. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 172, 416–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.033
[88] Jakupi, S.; Lisickov, K.; Golomeova, M.; Atkovska, K. Separation of Co(II) Ions from Water Resources by Natural Zeolite (Clinoptilolite). Zaštita Mater. i Životn. Sred. 2016, 5, 57–66.
[89] Viglasova, E.; Krajnak, A.; Galambos, M.; Rosskopfova, O. Removal of Uranium from Water Media by Bentonite and Zeolite; Vydavatelstvo Univerzity Komenskeho: Bratislava, Slovakia, 2014.
[90] Alotaibi, M.; Ismail, F. Modification of Clinoptilolite as a Robust Adsorbent for Highly Efficient Removal of Thorium(IV) from Aqueous Solutions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13774. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113774