Phytochemical and Physicochemical Characterization and Heritability Estimates of Fruit Quality Traits in Selected Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Populations
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Limited information exists on the antioxidant performance of coconut cultivars. This study evaluated the phytochemical and physicochemical profiles of fruit quality traits and assessed genetic variability in response to free-radical-induced damage. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level, with genetic parameters computed in RStudio v4.2 and graphical representations generated using OriginLab Pro 2024 v10.1. Results indicated that total phenolic content (TPC) was highest in the Tagnanan population (78.54±2.95), followed by hybrid Matag (62.2±2.60). Total flavonoid content (TFC) similarly peaked in Tagnanan (91.83±7.34), with hybrid Matag recording a comparable value (79.42±7.93). DPPH radical inhibition was greatest in Malayan Dwarf and Tagnanan Tall (58.97±1.21 and 58.26±1.00, respectively). Phenotypic coefficients of variation were 26.46% for TPC, 23.28% for TFC, and 5.87% for DPPH. Corresponding genotypic variations were 25.12%, 21.35%, and 4.85%. Heritability estimates were highest for TPC (90.13%) and TFC (84.09%). Genetic advancement as a percentage of the mean (GAM) indicated gains of 49.13% and 40.33% for TPC and TFC, respectively, whereas DPPH scavenging activity showed only 8.25% genetic gain. Physicochemical analysis identified hybrid Matag and Malayan Dwarf as having the highest protein content (16.77% and 16.47%). Hybrid Matag recorded the highest punching force (109.91±0.33 N) and total soluble solids (5.71%), exceeding those of its parental materials. Tagnanan Tall demonstrated superior antioxidant potential, while hybrid Matag combined strong antioxidant traits with excellent physicochemical properties. Both cultivars are recommended for priority inclusion in coconut breeding programs, with multi-location trials advised to validate findings across diverse environments.
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