Parameter Analysis that Affects the Ability to Resistance Penetration of Ammunition on the Aluminum Armor Surface Using Finite Element Method
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research investigated the factors influencing the penetrating resistance of the armor surface using the finite element method. In this study, firing tests on actual bulletproof armor and finite element simulation modeling of bulletproof armor using the SolidWorks program were compared. The pattern model of firing onto armor was created and simulated using the ANSYS Explicit Dynamic program. The damage test was conducted in accordance with the National Institute of Justice Level 3 standards. The bullet material used in the model was 7.62 mm tungsten carbide (WC) moved at speed of 847+ 9.1 m/s. In this simulation, two different kinds of bulletproof armor were used: SKD1 and Aluminum AL7075. According to the simulations, the armor plates were stacked with thicknesses of 6, 8, and 10 mm, and the angles of firing of bulletproof armor were at 0, 30, and 45 degrees. The simulation findings showed that factors influencing the considerable resistance of the armor plates to bullet penetration are increases in firing angle and armor thickness.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ลิขสิทธ์ ของมหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนครReferences
W.S. Lee and T.T. Su, “Mechanical properties and microstructural features of AISI 4340 high strength alloy steel under quenched and tempered conditions,” J. Mat. Process Technol, vol. 87, pp. 198–206, 1999.
A.K. Srivastava, G. Jha, N. Gope and S.B. Singh, “Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of cold rolled C–Mn–Si Trip aided steel,” Mat Charact, vol. 57, pp. 127–135, 2006.
P.K. Ray, R.I. Ganguly and A.K. Panda, “Optimization of mechanical properties of an HSLA-100 steel through control of heat treatment variables,” Mater Sci Eng A, vol. 346, pp. 122–131, 2003.
S.K. Dhua, A. Ray and D.S. Sarma “Effect of tempering temperatures on the mechanical properties and microstructures of HSLA–100 type copper bearing steels,” Mater Sci Eng A. vol. 318, pp. 197–210, 2001.
P.K. Jena, K. Sivakumar and T.B. Bhat “Effect of heat treatment on mechanical and ballistic properties of ultra-high strength DMR-700 steel,” Met Mater Process, vol. 19, no. 1–4, pp. 339–346, 2007.
P.K. Jena, K. Ramanjeneyulu, K. Sivakumar and T.B. Bhat, “Ballistic studies on layered structures,” Mater Des, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1922–1931, 2009.
T. Demir, M. Übeyli and R.O. Yıldırım, “Investigation on the ballistic impact behavior of various alloys against 7.62 mm armor piercing projectile,” Mater Des, vol. 29, pp. 2009–2016, 2008.
P.K. Jena, B. Mishra, M. Ramesh Babu, A. Babu, A.K. Singh, K. Sivakumar and T. BalakrishnaBhat, “Effect of heat treatment on mechanical and ballistic properties of a high strength armour steel,” Int J Impact Eng, vol. 37, pp. 242–249, 2010.
N.K. Gupta, M.A. Iqbal and G.S. Sekhon, “Experimental and numerical studies on the behavior of thin aluminum plates subjected to impact by blunt – and hemispherical-nosed projectiles,” Int J Impact Eng, vol. 32, pp. 1921–1944, 2006.
J.C.F. Millet, N.K. Bourne and M.R. Edwards, “The effect of heat treatment on the shock induced mechanical properties of aluminium alloy-7017,” Scripta Mater, vol. 51, pp. 967–971, 2004.
Y.B. Lee, D.H. Shin, K.T. Park and W.J. Nam, “Effect of annealing temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of a 5083 Al alloy deformed at cryogenic temperature,” Scripta Mater, vol. 51, pp. 355–359, 2004.
L.D. Oosterkamp, A. Ivankovic and G. Venizelos, “High strain rate properties of selected aluminium alloys,” Mater Sci Eng A, vol. 278, pp. 225–235, 2000.
T. Borvik, A.H. Clausen, O.S. Hopperstad and M. Langseth, “Perforation of AA5083-H116aluminium plates with conical-nose steel projectiles experimental study,” Int J Impact Eng, vol. 30, pp. 367–384, 2004.
K. Siva kumar, Singh Dinesh and T.B. Bhat, “Studies on aluminium armour plates impacted by deformable and non-deformable projectile,” Mater Sci Forum, vol. 465–466, pp. 79–84, 2004.
Ozs_ahin Evren and Tolun Suleyman, “On the comparison of the ballistic response of coated aluminum plates,” Mater Des, vol. 31, pp. 3188-3193, 2010.
E. Ozs_ahin and S. Tolun,“Influence of layer sequencing on ballistic resistance of polyethylene supported AA 7075 T651 plates,” J Istanb Technol Univ, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 72-80, 2009.
M. Balakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian and G. Madhusudhan Reddy, “Effect of PTA hardfaced interlayer thickness on ballistic performance of shielded metal arc welded armor steel welds,” J Mater Eng Perform, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 806, Mar. 2013.
M. Balakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian and G. Madhusudhan Reddy, “Effect of hardfaced interlayer thickness on ballistic performance of armour steel weldsm,” Mater Des, vol. 44, pp. 59-68, 2013.
M. Balakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian and G. Madhusudhan Reddy, “Effect of joint design on ballistic performance of quenched and tempered steel welded joint,” Mater Des, vol. 54, pp. 616-623, 2014.
S. Babu, V. Balasubramanian, G. Madhusudhan Reddy and TS. Balasubramanian, “Improving the ballistic immunity of armour steel weldments by plasma transferred arc (PTA) hardfacing,” Mater Des, vol. 31, pp. 2664-2669, 2010.
M. Balakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian, G. Madhusuhan Reddy and K. Sivakumar, “Effect of buttering and hardfacing on ballistic performance of shielded metal arc welded armour steel joints,” Mater Des, vol. 32, pp. 469-479, 2011.
J. Wang, Y. Yin and C. Luo, “Johnson–Holmquist-II (JH-2) Constitutive Model for Rock Materials: Parameter Determination and Application in Tunnel Smooth Blasting,” Appl. Sci., vol. 8, pp. 1675, 2018.
W. Hubert, Jr. Meyer and D. S. Kleponis, “An Analysis of Parameters for the Johnson-Cook Strength Model for 2-in-Thick Rolled Homogeneous Armor,” Army Research Laboratory, Jun. 2001.
F. M. John, T. Jan Arild, S. Stian, B. Svien Morten, S.-E. Lasse and F. Haakon, “Development of material models for semi-brittle materials like tungsten carbide,” Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (EFI), pp. 1–51, Nov. 2010.
K. Navapon and C. Prakorb, “Parameter analysis of SKD11 and SUS304 bulletroof plate that resistance penetration of bullet 7.62 mm according to standard NIJ 4 by finite element method,” International Journal of Mechanical Engineer and Technology., vol. 10, pp. 207–221, Sep. 2019.
J. L. Li, L. L. Jing and M. Chen, “An FEM study on residual stresses induced by high-speed end-milling of hardened steel SKD11,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 209, no. 9, pp. 4515–4520, May 2009.
Steinberg D.J. LLNL., "Equation of State and Strength Properties of Selected Materials", Feb. 1991.