Formulation and characterization of piroxicam-loaded water-in-oil microemulsions
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate microemulsion (ME) formation of various non-ionic systems for seeking proper MEs to be incorporated with 0.5% w/w piroxicam. Characteristics of the obtained formulations were determined for appearance, ME type, stability tendency and in vitro drug release. ME regions in pseudoternary phase diagrams of twenty systems were constructed by titration method. The studied oil phase was either isopropyl myristate (IPM) or oleic acid (OA). The studied surfactant was either Cremophor RH 40 (RH40) or Tween 80 (T80). The studied cosurfactant was polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400). The studied aqueous phase was either water (W) or 2:1 mixture of W and propylene glycol (2:1 W:PG). The results showed that the largest ME region was found in the system of IPM/3:1 T80:PEG400/2:1 W:PG. Six MEs (ME1 to ME6) were selected from the ME region of this system for evaluating tendency of piroxicam solubility. ME5 and ME6 were found to provide desirable drug solubility. Finally, two 0.5% w/w piroxicam-loaded MEs, designated as ME5-P and ME6-P, were prepared to be further assessed. Both formulations were clear yellow liquids and water-in-oil (w/o) type. No changes in appearance and drug contents were observed after kept at room temperature for six weeks. However, ME5-P and ME6-P exhibited slower release rates and less amounts of released drug than a commercial gel. The release limitation of the prepared piroxicam-loaded MEs may be possibly caused by high affinity between piroxicam and ME components as well as entrapment of the drug molecules within the interfacial film.
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