Effects of Cassava Tails and Stalk and Superabsorbent Polymer on Soil Properties, Growth, and Yield of Cassava in Sandy Loam and Clay Loam Soils
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cassava tails and stalk (CTS) and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on soil properties, as well as on cassava growth and yield in sandy loam and clay loam soils. The research employed a randomized complete block design with three treatments, including unamended soil (control, T1) , 8,000 kg/rai of fresh weight CTS (T2), and 0.25% (w/w) of SAP (T3) with four replications. In sandy loam soil, the SAP application showed a significant decrease in soil bulk density (BD) and increase in soil particle density (PD) and soil porosity (PO). Both soil amendment treatments increased organic matter (OM) (0.58%) compared with the control (0.51%). The SAP application showed the highest content of P and K (9 and 69 ppm, respectively), while CTS showed the highest content of Ca (411 ppm). In clay loam soil , the SAP application resulted in the lowest BD (1.36 g/cm³), while the CTS application resulted in the highest soil PO (50.11%). Both treatments increased OM (~1.00%) and the content of Ca and Mg (~2,000 ppm and ~220 ppm, respectively) compared with the control (0.73%, 1,559 ppm, and 182 ppm, respectively). The SAP application showed a better leaf water potential and stomatal conductance, which led to the highest plant height, leaf area, and stem diameter of cassava. In addition, the SAP application resulted in the highest cassava yield (7.83 and 6.20 tons/rai) in both soils and starch content (21.44%) in sandy loam soil. Therefore, both SAP and CTS applications improved soil properties and promoted cassava growth, resulting in higher yields; however, their effectiveness was strongly dependent on soil texture.
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