Effects of Chitosan Contents on Latex Properties and Physical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex/Chitosan Composites
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, natural rubber latex/chitosan (NRL/CT) composites were prepared by latex mixing. The effects of chitosan on latex properties and physical properties of NRL/CT composite films were focused. It was found that there was no significant change in the latex properties with increasing CT content. Increasing CT contents of 0.5 to 8.0 phr caused the rising of 300 % modulus of the NRL/CT composite whereas the opposite trend was found for tensile strength and elongation at break. The antimicrobial efficacy of the chitosan-incorporated rubber was slightly enhanced from that of the non-chitosan rubber. By comprehensive consideration, CT content suitable for antibacterial gloves according to Thai industrial standards (TIS 1056-1: 2013) was 1 phr. For other latex products that require high modulus and antibacterial activity such as tubing, pillow foam, rubber nipple and catheter, CT could be used at higher contents from 2 to 4 phr.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ลิขสิทธ์ ของมหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนครReferences
D. J. Lamb, J. F. Anstey, C. M. Fellows, M. J. Monteiro, and R. G. Gilbert, “Modification of natural and artificial polymer colloids by "topology-controlled" emulsion polymerization,” Biomacromolecules, vol. 2, pp. 518-525, 2001.
M. M. Rippel, L. T. Lee, C. A. P. Leite, and F. Galembeck, “Skim and cream natural rubber particles: Colloidal properties, coalescence and film formation,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 268, pp. 330-340, 2003.
W. Pichayakorn, J. Suksaeree, P. Boonme, W. Taweepreda, and G. C. Ritthidej, “Preparation of deproteinized natural rubber latex and properties of films formed by itself and several adhesive polymer blends,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 51, pp. 13393-13404, 2012.
E. Yip and P. Cacioli, “The manufacture of gloves from natural rubber latex,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 110, pp. S3-S14, 2002.
L. W. Hunt, P. Kelkar, C. E. Reed, and J. W. Yunginger, “Management of occupational allergy to natural rubber latex in a medical center:The importance of quantitative latex allergen measurement and objective follow-up,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 110, pp. S96-S106, 2002.
Z. Peng, L. X. Kong, S.-D. Li, Y. Chen, and M. F. Huang, “Self-assembled natural rubber/silica nanocomposites: Its preparation and characterization,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 67, pp. 3130-3139, 2007.
Y.-P. Wu, Y.-Q. Wang, H.-F. Zhang, Y.-Z. Wang, D.-S. Yu, L.-Q. Zhang, et al., “Rubber–pristine clay nanocomposites prepared by co-coagulating rubber latex and clay aqueous suspension,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 65, pp. 1195-1202, 2005.
H. H. Cai, S. D. Li, G. R. Tian, H. B. Wang, and J. H. Wang, “Reinforcement of natural rubber latex film by ultrafine calcium carbonate,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 87, pp. 982-985, 2002.
Z. Peng, C. Feng, Y. Luo, Y. Li, and L. X. Kong, “Self-assembled natural rubber/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites using latex compounding techniques,” Carbon, vol. 48, pp. 4497-4503, 2010.
A. B. Suriani, M. D. Nurhafizah, A. Mohamed, I. Zainol, and A. K. Masrom, “A facile one-step method for graphene oxide/natural rubber latex nanocomposite production for supercapacitor applications,” Materials Letters, vol. 161, pp. 665-668, 2015.
P. Satraphan, A. Intasiri, V. Tangpasuthadol, and S. Kiatkamjornwong, “Effects of methyl methacrylate grafting and in situ silica particle formation on the morphology and mechanical properties of natural rubber composite films,” Polymers for Advanced Technologies, vol. 20, pp. 473-486, 2009.
H. Angellier, S. Molina-Boisseau, and A. Dufresne, “Mechanical properties of waxy maize starch nanocrystal reinforced natural rubber,” Macromolecules, vol. 38, pp. 9161-9170, 2005.
M. N. V. Ravi Kumar, “A review of chitin and chitosan applications,” Reactive and Functional Polymers, vol. 46, pp. 1-27, 2000.
A. Anitha, S. Sowmya, P. T. S. Kumar, S. Deepthi, K. P. Chennazhi, H. Ehrlich, et al., “Chitin and chitosan in selected biomedical applications,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 39, pp. 1644-1667, 2014.
A. Domard, “A perspective on 30 years research on chitin and chitosan,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 84, pp. 696-703, 2011.
S. C. Park, J. P. Nam, J. H. Kim, Y. M. Kim, J. W. Nah, and M. K. Jang, “Antimicrobial action of water-soluble β-chitosan against clinical multi-drug resistant bacteria,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 16, pp. 7995-8007, 2015.
J. Johns and V. Rao, “Mechanical properties and swelling behavior of cross-linked natural rubber/chitosan blends,” International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, vol. 14, pp. 508-526, 2009.
J. Johns and V. Rao, “Mechanical properties of MA compatibilised NR/CS blends,” Fibers and Polymers, vol. 10, pp. 761-767, 2010.
J. Johns and V. Rao, “Characterization of natural rubber latex/chitosan blends,” International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, vol. 13, pp. 280-291, 2008.
J. Johns and V. Rao, “Thermal stability, morphology, and X-ray diffraction studies of dynamically vulcanized natural rubber/chitosan blends,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 44, pp. 4087-4094, 2009.
G. Raju and M. R. H. Mas Haris, “Preparation and characterization of acidified chitosan immobilized in epoxidized natural rubber,” Polymer Testing, vol. 53, pp. 1-6, 2016.
H. Ismail, S. M. Shaari, and N. Othman, “The effect of chitosan loading on the curing characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties of chitosan-filled natural rubber (NR), epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds,” Polymer Testing, vol. 30, pp. 784-790, 2011.
J. Jayadevan, R. Alex, and U. Gopalakrishnapanicker, “Chemically modified natural rubber latex - poly(vinyl alcohol) blend membranes for organic dye release,” Reactive and Functional Polymers, vol. 112, pp. 22-32, 2017.
S. Boonrasri, P. Sae-Oui, S. Wirasate, and K. Suchiva, “Effects of bio-based oils on processing properties and cure characteristics of silica-filled natural rubber compounds,” Journal of Rubber Research, vol. 20, pp. 1-19, 2017.
R. C. Goy, S. T. B. Morais, and O. B. G. Assis, “Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and its quaternized derivative on E. coli and S. aureus growth,” Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, vol. 26, pp. 122-127, 2016.