Dye Removal Using Salacca zalacca (Sumalee) Seeds Activated Carbon by KOH Activation
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Abstract
Dyes contaminated in wastewater, that negatively affecting the environment and human health. The objectives of this study to prepare activated carbon from Salacca zalacca (Sumalee) seeds activated by 36 mmol/g KOH, dye solution and activated carbon ratio 20:32 ml/g for dye removal. The influents of dye removal from wastewater by Salacca zalacca (Sumalee) seeds activated carbon were investigated as initial dye concentration, activated carbon and dye solution ratio, and contraction time. The moisture content, the iodine number, the methylene blue index, and the functional groups by FTIR technique of the Salacca zalacca (Sumalee) activated carbon were characterized, and the kinetics adsorption were also analysed. The results showed that the activated carbon was the microporous material, the highest dye removal from wastewater was 7.50 ± 0.25 mg/g, the equilibrium time was 150 min with the activated carbon to dye solution ratio of 1:500 g/ml, for 200 mg/l initial concentration. The kinetics of the adsorption process can be described by a pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.9999). When increasing the initial concentration of dyes, the adsorption efficiency was increased. The amount of activated carbon increased, resulting in lower adsorption efficiency and the equilibrium time was longer.
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