Assessment of genetic variability in maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) in Mahasarakham Province, Thailand based on ISSR analysis
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Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals and most widely cultivated staple crops worldwide. Studying genetic diversity is necessary for varietal identification, better understanding of relationships, and conserving genetic resources. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of eight local maize cultivars sourced from Kantarawichai, Muang, Chiang Yuen, Na Chueak, and Yang Si Surat in Mahasarakham Province, Thailand. DNA profiling was conducted using 14 ISSR markers, revealing that 11 of these markers produced a total of 61 bands, with an average of 5.55 alleles per locus across the samples. Our findings demonstrated a high polymorphism rate of 86.85%. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.128 to 0.791, while PIC values varied from 0.12 to 0.44, averaging 0.34. ISSR markers exhibited significant discriminatory power in detecting genetic diversity. The dendrogram classified genotypes into three clusters: Cluster I comprised genotypes with yellow kernels, Cluster II included five genotypes divided into two subclusters—SCII-A with white kernels and SCII-B with mixed kernels—and Cluster III with one genotype featuring white kernels. This clustering based on kernel colors closely aligned with the ISSR profiles of the maize genetic resources, effectively distinguishing between groups with different kernel types. These results highlight the effective use of ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity among local maize cultivars in Mahasarakham Province. This preliminary evaluation emphasizes the importance of conserving and utilizing local maize genetic resources to enhance regional maize cultivation and support future breeding programs.
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