GGE biplot analysis of genotype by environment interaction and yield stability of some accessions of mung bean (Vigna radiata)
Keywords:
Adaptability, biplot analysis, mung bean, grain yield and stability, Vigna radiataAbstract
Understanding genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) is essential for sustainable agricultural production and food security. This study assessed GEI and yield stability in 21 mung bean (Vigna radiata) accessions across seven Nigerian locations during the 2023 rainy season using genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE) biplot analysis. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was employed to evaluate agro-morphological traits such as grain yield, plant height, flowering, and pod characteristics. Environmental factors significantly influenced grain yield, accounting for 28.75% of the variation, while genotype and GEI effects explained 4.31% and 17.88%, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that the first two axes explained 72.25% of total variation, with PC1 and PC2 accounting for 60.20% and 12.05% of the variation, respectively. Ballah was identified as the most favorable environment due to its high-yielding potential in mung bean accessions, and Tvr-5 emerged as the most stable and high-yielding genotype, particularly excelling in the southern guinea savanna. Variability in plant height, pod number, and grain yield across environments highlighted the need for breeding strategies targeting both broad and specific adaptability. Tvr-58, Tvr-5, and Tvr-8 were identified to exhibit stability with high yield and are therefore recommended for cultivation and breeding programs.
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