การเพิ่มความแข็งแรงของต้นกล้าข้าว ข้าวโพด และมันสำปะหลังโดยวิธีการแช่เมล็ด และท่อนพันธุ์ในสารละลายแคลเซียม โบรอน และสังกะสี (INCREASING SEEDLING VIGOR OF RICE, MAIZE AND CASSAVA BY SOAKING SEEDS AND STEM CUTTINGS IN Ca B and Zn SOLUTION)
Abstract
Low fertility of soil is a major cause of growth retarding, plant weakness and low yield. Water soaking of seeds was used by farmer for inducing uniformly germination. Soaking of seeds and stem cuttings were adjusted by adding some nutrient elements that are necessary for germination and growth. This method might promote growth and seedling vigor of the seedlings. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine germination rate and seedling growth of rice, maize and cassava derived from seeds (rice and maize) and stem cuttings (cassava) after soaking in Ca, B and Zn solution. Germination rate and seedling growth of rice was highest when soaking seeds in solution with 5 mM Ca, 150 µM B and 15 mM Zn. Similar results were found when soaking maize seeds in solution with 15 mM Ca, 25 µM B and 15 mM Zn and soaking stem cuttings of cassava in solution with 10 mM Ca, 100 µM B and 5 mM Zn. In the experiment 2, seeds of rice and maize and stem cuttings of cassava were soaked in water, Ca, B, Zn solution and Ca+B+Zn-mixed solution compared with no soaking. The seeds and stem cuttings were grown in sandy soil field. Seedlings of rice maize and cassava showed markedly shoot growth at the age of 30 days. Rice shoot dry mass was highest when soaking the seeds in B and Zn solution. Nutrient uptake efficiency of rice seedlings was promoted when soaking seeds in B solution. Shoot root ratio of rice seedlings was highest to 5.8. Seedlings of maize and cassava had the most shoot dry mass and shoot root ratio when soaking seeds and stem cuttings in Zn solution. Growth of seedlings of the three plant species that soaking seeds and stem cuttings in Ca+B+Zn-mixed solution was lesser than soaking in B or Zn solution. No soaking, soaking in water and Ca solution had no markedly difference of shoot and root dry mass. Therefore, soaking seeds and stem cuttings in B and Zn solution could increase seedling vigor and nutrient uptake efficiency of rice maize and cassava in sandy soil.
Downloads
References
[2] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Food outlook: Biannual report on global food markets October 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2015, from http://www.fao. org/3/a-i4136e.pdf
[3] ยงยุทธ โอสถสภา. (2558). ธาตุอาหารพืช. พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 4. กรุงเทพฯ: มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์.
[4] ไพบูลย์ วิวัฒน์วงศ์วนา. (2546). เคมีดิน. พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 1. เชียงใหม่: มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่.
[5] ศุภลักษณ์ สิงหบุตร. (2549). โรคขาดธาตุอาหารของพืช. พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 1. กรุงเทพฯ: โอเดียนสโตร์.
[6] Alloway, B.J. (2008). Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition. 2nd ed. International zinc association.
[7] Yu, Q.; Worth, C.; & Rengel, Z. (1999). Using Capillary Electrophoresis to Measure Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase Concentration in Leaves of Wheat Genotypes Differing in Tolerance to Zinc Deficiency. Plant Science. 143: 231-239.
[8] Ajouri, A.; Asgedom, H.; & Becker, M. (2004). Seed Priming Enhances Germination and Seedling Growth of Barley Under Conditions of P and Zn Deficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 167: 630-636.
[9] Basra, S.M.A.; Farooq, M.; Tabassam, R.; & Ahmad, N. (2005). Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Pre-sowing Seed Treatments in Fine Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Science and Technology. 33: 623-628.
[10] Slaton, N.A.; Wilson, C.E.; Ntamatungiro, S.; Norman, R.J.; & Boothe, D.L. (2001). Evaluation of Zinc Seed Treatments for Rice. Agronomy Journal. 93: 152-157.
[11] Ghiyasi, M.; Myandoab, M.P.; Tajbakhsh, M.; Salehzade, H.; & Meshkat, M.V. (2008). Influence of Different Osmopriming Treatment on Emergency and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 3: 1452-1455.
[12] Harris, D.; Rashid, A.; Miraj, G.; Arif, M.; & Yunas, M. (2008). 'On-farm' Seed Priming with Zinc in Chickpea and Wheat in Pakistan. Plant and Soil. 306: 3-10.
[13] Harris, D.; Rashid, A.; Miraj, G.; Arif, M.; & Shah, H. (2007). 'On-farm' Seed Priming with Zinc Sulphate Solution - A Cost-effective Way to Increase the Maize Yields of Resource-poor Farmers. Field Crops Research. 102: 119-127.
[14] Hossein, S. (2013). Effect of Seed Priming on Germination and Yield of Corn. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science. 5: 366-369.
[15] Slaton, N.A.; Norman, R.J.; & Wilson, C.E. Jr. (2005). Effect of Zinc Source and Application Time on Zinc Uptake and Grain Yield of Flood-irrigated Rice. Agronomy Journal. 97: 272-278.
[16] Prom-u-thai, C.; Rerkasem, B.; Yazici, A.; & Cakmak, I. (2012). Zinc Priming Promotes Seed Germination and Seedling Vigor of Rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 175: 482- 488.
[17] Khanthavong, P. (2011). Effects of Nutrient Priming of Cassava Stakes on Germination, Growth and Yield. Master’s Thesis, Division of Agronomy, Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University.
[18] Farooq, M.; Rehman, A.; Aziz, T.; & Habib, M. (2011). Boron Nutripriming Improves the Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition. 34: 1507-1515.
[19] เจนจิรา หม่องอ้น. (2557). ผลของวิธีการแช่เมล็ดข้าวด้วยสารละลายสังกะสีต่อการเจริญเติบโตของต้นกล้า ในสภาวะเหล็กเป็นพิษ. ใน บทคัดย่อการประชุมวิชาการระดับชาติ มศว วิจัย ครั้งที่ 8. หน้า 120. กรุงเทพฯ: มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ.
[20] Mohsin, A.U.; Ahmad, A.U.H.; Farooq, M.; & Ullah, S. (2014). Influence of Zinc Application through Seed Treatment and Foliar Spray on Growth, Productivity and Grain Quality of Hybrid Maize. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 24(5): 1494-1503.
[21] Wargiono, J.; & Ispandi, A. (2007). Cassava Agronomy Research and Its Contribution to Asecure Food System in Indonesia. In Proceeding of the Seventh Regional Workshop: Cassava Research and Development in Asia: Exploring New Opportunity for an Ancient Crop. Howeler, R.H. (Ed.). pp. 174-182. Bangkok, Thailand.
[22] Cakmak, I. (2008). Enrichment of Cereal Grains with Zinc: Agronomic or Genetic Biofortification?. Plant Soil. 302: 1-17.
[23] Phattarakul, N.; Rerkasem, B; Li, L.J.; Wu, L.H.; Zou, C.Q.; Ram, H.; Sohu, V.S.; Kang, B.S.; Surek, H.; Kalayci, M.; Yazici, A.; Zhang, F.S.; & Cakmak, I. (2012). Biofortification of Rice Grain with Zinc through Zinc Fertilization in Different Countries. Plant Soil. 361: 131-141.
[24] Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd ed. London. Academic Press.
[25] Hepler, P.K. (2005). Calcium: A Central Regulator of Plant Growth and Development. The Plant Cell. 17: 2142-2155.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Srinakharinwirot University Journal of Sciences and Technology is licensed Under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, Unless Otherwise Stated. Please Read Journal Policies Page for More Information on Open Access, Copyright and Permissions.
