Utilization of Sweet Potato as Pigment Source in Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens) Feed

Main Article Content

Supalug Kattakdad
Krittima Saowakoon
Suriya Udduang

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of different sweet potato varieties as dietary pigment sources on the coloration of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens). The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replicates. The experimental feed consisted of; control feed, 5 % orange sweet potato (OrSP), 5 % yellow sweet potato (YeSP) and 5 % purple sweet potato (PuSP). The experimental feeds were formulated with 31.18-32.01 % crude protein, 6.73 - 7.04 % crude fat and total carotenoids in control, OrSP, YeSP and PuSP were 15.63, 42.61, 38.79 and 32.32 mg/kg, respectively. Two-month male fishes were obtained from a reliable commercial farm and acclimated to the rearing environment. After the 8 weeks rearing period, the results showed that the final average weight, final average length, average daily gain, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly different between treatment groups (p > 0.05). However, dietary supplementation with sweet potato affected the color expression and carotenoid accumulation by Betta splendens. The lightness
(L*) of fish fed with the control feed showed the highest value (p ≤ 0.05). The redness (a*) of fish fed with 5 % OrSP and 5 % YeSP was higher than in the other treatments (p ≤ 0.05) and the yellowness (b*) of fish fed with 5 % OrSP showed higher values than in the other groups (p ≤ 0.05). The results of carotenoid accumulation in each organ increased in all treatment groups. After 8 weeks, the fish fed with 5% OrSP showed the highest carotenoid accumulation in skin and scale, dorsal fin, anal fin and caudal fin as compared to the other groups (p ≤ 0.05).

Article Details

Section
Research Articles

References

Department of Fisheries. (2561). Statistics of the import and export of aquatic animals at Suvarnabhumi Airport, April 2018. (Online). Retrieved 10 September 2020, from https://www4.fisheries.go.th/local/file_document/20180709140410_1_file.pdf.

Jaroensutasinee, M., & Jaroensutasinee, K. (2001). Bubble nest habitat characteristics of wild Siamese fighting fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 58(5), 1311–1319.

Thongprajukaew, K. (2013). Biology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). KKU Science Journal, 41(1), 1–15.

Thongprajukaew, K., Kovitvadhi, S., Kovitvadhi, U., & Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K. (2012). Pigment deposition and in vitro screening of natural pigment sources for enhancing pigmentation in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). Aquaculture Research, 45(4), 1–11. DOI.10.1111 /are.12009.

Ponza, P., Muangtim, J., & Kamdaeng, T. (2018). Effect of ripe papaya (Carica papaya L.) inclusion in feed for color enhancing in Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Agricultural Science Journal, 49(3) (Suppl.), 92–98.

Ratananikom, K., Kanokrung, A., & Sidabud, S. (2019). Using of astaxanthin to enhance skin color of blood parrot cichlid. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 47(1) (Suppl.), 1279–1286.

Somranrat, N & Jaritkhuan, S. (2019). Effects of different carotenoids on growth and pigmentation of spine-cheek anemone fish (Premnas biaculeatus Bloch, 1790). Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal, 11(1), 135–148.

Sornsupharp, B. (2018). Effect of natural carotenoid as sources of pigment in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Journal of Fisheries Technology Research, 12(1), 35–48.

Bovell-Benjamin, A. C. (2007). Sweet potato: A review of its past, present and future role in human nutrition. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 52, 1–59. DOI: 10.1016/ S1043-4526(06)52001-7.

Lazze, M. C., Savio, M., Pizzala, R., Cazzalini, O., Perucca, P., Scovassi, A. I., Stivala, L. A., & Bianchi, L. (2004). Anthocyanins induce cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis in different human cell lines. Carcinogenesis, 25, 1427–1433.

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (2005). Animal feed. In W. Horwitz, (Ed.). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, (18th Ed.). Maryland, USA: AOAC International.

Goddard, S. (1996). Feed management in intensive aquaculture. New York: Chapman & Hall.

Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S., & Pfander, H. (1995). Carotenoids. Volume 1A: Isolation and analysis. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser-Verlug.

Ninwichian, P., Chookird, D., & Phuwan, N. (2020). Effects of dietary supplementation with natural carotenoid sources on growth performance and skin coloration of fancy carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 19(1), 167–181.

Seyedi, S.M., Sharifpour, I., Ramin, M., & Jamili, S.H. (2013). Effect of dietary astaxanthin on survival, growth, pigmentation Clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, cuvier. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(3), 391–395.

Dhir, R., Harkess, R. L. & Bi, G. (2013). Physiological responses of ivy Geranium Beach and butterfly to heat stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 138(5), 344–349.

Klomsakul, P., Pumjumpa, D., Khunpratum, S., & Chalopagorn, P. (2012). Determination of antioxidantproperty from some medicinal plant extracts from Thailand. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(45), 10322–10327.

Clotfelter, E. D., Ardia, D. R., & McGraw, K. G. (2007). Red fish, blue fish: trade-offs between pigmentation and immunity in Betta splendens. Behavioral Ecology, 18(6), 1139–1145.

Fujii, R. (2000). The regulation of motile activity in fish chromatophores. Pigment Cell Research, 13, 300–319.

Wallbrunn, H. M. (1957). Genetics of the Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Genetics, 43(3), 281–289.

Ezhil, J., & Narayanan, M. (2013). Enhancement of pigmentation in blue Morph, Pseudotropheus lombardoi through feeding different carotenoids sources. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 5, 655–659.

Vandana, P., & Madhav, S. (2012). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ipomeea batatas L. (Lam). A review. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1), 25–34.

Gouveia, L., Rema, P., Pereira, O., & Empis, J. (2003). Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) with microalgal biomass. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9, 123–129.

Simawan, J., Rukaewma, N., & Sriphuthorn, K. (2016). Effects of fairy shrimp (Branchinella thailandensis) meal in diets on skin color, total carotenoids content and growth performance of gold fish (Carassius auratus). Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 44(1) (Suppl.), 682–687.

Sun, X., Chang, Y., Ye, Y., Ma, Z., Liang, Y., Li, T., Jiang, N., Xing, W., & Luo, L. (2012). The effect of dietary pigments on the coloration of Japanese ornamental carp (koi, Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture, 342, 62–68.

Baron, M., Daviesn, S., Alexander, L., Snellgrove, D., & Sloman, K. A. (2007). The effect of adult fairy shrimp Streptocephalus dichotomus as live feed. Food Chemistry, 100, 1435–1442.