Development of an Automated Environmental Control System Using Internet of Things Technology to Enhance Semi-Commercial Phoenix Mushroom Productivity

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a smart greenhouse control system utilizing IoT technology on oyster mushroom yield under semi-commercial production conditions. The experiment was conducted in a 60-square-meter greenhouse with a capacity of 2,000 substrate bags, comparing an automatically controlled environmental system with a conventional (uncontrolled) greenhouse across three production periods. Yield data were collected by randomly sampling substrate bags and measuring fresh weight. Differences in mean yield were analyzed using the Independent Samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated that the automatically controlled greenhouse produced significantly higher mean yields than the conventional greenhouse in all production periods (p < 0.05), demonstrating the effectiveness of the automated control system in enhancing productivity and reducing yield variability. However, further analysis using One-way ANOVA revealed that production period had a significant effect on yield (p < 0.05). The summer period exhibited noticeably lower yields than the first two periods, indicating that external climatic factors continue to influence production performance despite internal environmental control. These findings provide empirical evidence that implementing an automated control system in a semi-commercial greenhouse significantly improves oyster mushroom production efficiency.