Histological study of the third and fourth parts of the vertebral artery in Thai embalmed cadavers
Keywords:
Vertebral artery, Histology, CadaversAbstract
The vertebral artery (VA) is a blood vessel that courses through the neck and cranium. The vertebral artery is important as they provide vascularization to the hindbrain. The vertebral artery is divided into 4 segments: Along its course, the V3 is the most vulnerable to injury from head movement, and the arterial occlusion is commonly located in the V4. This research studied the histological feature of the third and fourth parts of the bilateral vertebral artery (VA) in 20 Thai embalmed cadavers. Both arteries were studied into proximal, middle, and distal segments. In histopathological studies, tissues were processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Verhoeff-Van Gieson according to the standard protocol. The photomicrographs were taken under a digital microscope and wall thickness was measured by the ImageJ program. The results showed that the average value of tunica intima (TI) thickness was not significantly different in V3 and V4 whereas the average values of tunica media (TM) and intima-media thickness (IMT) were significantly different in V3 and V4. In the different segments of the artery, the pathological sites were mostly located in the distal segment of V3 and the proximal segment of V4 as shown by the greater IMT thickness of V3 in the distal segment and V4 in the proximal segment. These results demonstrated that the arterial wall thickness tended to be greater in the distal segment of V3 and proximal segment of V4. These might lead to an increased risk of ischemic stroke due to the narrowing or obstruction of the lumen. Therefore, the data of this study could be beneficial for the prognosis of vascular disease or the prevention of vascular injury.
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