Chemical Constituents and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Thai Medicinal Herbs
Keywords:
Thai medicinal herbs, Anacardium occidentale, Acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity, Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometryAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is classified as a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, the treatment for AD involves increasing acetylcholine (ACh), which is a neurotransmitter, through the use of drugs known as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The objective of this research is to investigate the anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of ethanolic extracts of seven Thai medicinal herbs: Gnetum gnemon, Anacardium occidentale, Centella asiatica, Moringa oleifera, Spondias pinnata, Glochidion littorale and Micromelum minutum, as there are a few reports on this study and to determine the main chemical components of the bioactive crude ethanolic extracts using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The result showed that the crude extract from leaves of Anacardium occidentale displayed the highest anti-AChE activity, with an IC50 value of 181 µg/ml. The LC-MS/MS analysis showed the chemical constituents of Anacardium occidentale leaves extract compared to those of Glochidion littorale and Gnetum gnemon leaves extracts which showed medium and low anti-AChE activities, respectively. From the result, it was found that the bioactive components from Anacardium occidentale leaves contains flavonoid compounds (isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, 3'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin-7-O-sulfate, and apigenin 7-sulfate), phenolic compound (4-O-methylgallic acid) and phosphatidylcholine which are expected to inhibit AChE. This research suggested that the ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale leaves has the potential to be further developed as a medicinal supplement for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.
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