Effects of Herbal Extracts and Herbal Cream Formula Development on the Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Growth
Keywords:
Crateva adansonii DC., Curcuma sessilis Gage., Suregada multiflorum Baill., Anti-bacterial, Staphylococcus aureusAbstract
This research aimed to study the antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and develop herbal cream formulation from 5 herbs, including Crateva adansonii DC. (stem), Curcuma sessilis Gage. (flower), Suregada multiflorum Baill. (stem), Passiflora foetida L. (vine) and Annona squamosa Linn. (leaf) were extracted using 70% ethanol, 95% ethanol and water. The extracts were tested against S. aureus, and four cream base formulations were developed. The most physically and biologically stable formulation was mixed with the herbal extracts in different ratios to create four formulations, which were then tested against S. aureus. Results: The Annona squamosa extract produced the highest yield when boiled, followed by Passiflora foetida and Curcuma sessilis (10.88%, 5.59%, and 4.81%, respectively). Inhibition of S. aureus using the agar well diffusion method showed that Crateva adansonii extract with 95% ethanol at 666.60 µg/ml had the best inhibitory effect (18.67±1.53 mm), followed by Curcuma aeruqinosa extract with water and Suregada multiflorum extract with 70% ethanol (13.33±1.53 mm and 10.67±1.15 mm, respectively). The MIC of Crateva adansonii and Suregada multiflorum extracts was 500 µg/ml, and the MBC was greater than 5 mg/ml. The fourth cream formulation was the most stable. Formulation 2, containing Crateva adansonii extract with 95% ethanol and Suregada multiflorum extract with 70% ethanol in a 1:1 ratio (36% in the cream formulation), showed the highest inhibitory effect against S. aureus (15.33±4.51 mm), compared to dicloxacillin (36.25±0.54 mm, 40 µg/ml). Therefore, Crateva adansonii extract with 95% ethanol and Suregada multiflorum extract with 70% ethanol have the highest efficacy in inhibiting S. aureus and are suitable for developing herbal cream formulations.
References
Ro BI, Dawson TL. The role of sebaceous gland activity and scalp microfloral metabolism in the etiology of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2005;10(3):194-7.
Brewer JD, Hundley MD, Meves A, Hargreaves J, McEvoy MT, Pittelkow MR. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome after tooth extraction. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59(2):342-6.
Iwatsuki K, Yamasaki O, Morizane S, Oono T. Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: invasion, evasion and aggression. J Dermatol Sci 2006;42(3):203-14.
Lagnika L, Anago E, Atindehou M, Adjahoutonon B, Dramane K, Sanni A. Antimicrobial activity of Crataeva religiosa Forst against bacteria isolated from Thryonomys swinderianus Temminck. Afr J Biotechnol 2011;10(49):10034-9.
Rajamma AG, Bai V, Nambisan B. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of oleoresins isolated from nine Curcuma species. Phytopharmacology 2012;2(2):312-7.
Jayshree P, Kumar V. Annona squamosa L.: phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial screening. J Pharm Res 2008;1(1):34-8.
Al-Nemari R, Al-Senaidy A, Semlali A, Ismael M, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Ben Bacha A. GC-MS profiling and assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of extracts of Annona squamosa L. leaves. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020;20(1):296.
Patel JD, Kumar V. Annona squamosa L.: phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial screening. J Pharm Res 2008;1(1):34-8.
Patil A, Paikrao H. Bioassay Guided Phytometabolites Extraction for Screening of Potent Antimicrobials in Passiflora foetida L. J App Pharm Sci 2012;2(9):137.
Mohanasundari C, Natarajan D, Srinivasan K, Umamaheswari S, Ramachandran A. Antibacterial properties of Passiflora foetida L.–a common exotic medicinal plant. Afr J Biotechnol 2007;6(23):2650-3.
Song Y, Wei XQ, Li MY, Duan XW, Sun YM, Yang RL, et al. Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of the Fruits of a Chinese Wild Passiflora foetida. Molecules 2018;23(2):459.
กองการประกอบโรคศิลปะ สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงสาธารณสุข. ตำราแพทย์แผนโบราณทั่วไป สาขาเภสัชกรรม นนทบุรี: ม.ป.พ.; 2541.
รุ่งระวี เต็มศิริฤกษ์กุล, พร้อมจิต ศรลัมพ์, วงศ์สถิต ฉั่วกุล, วิชิต เปานิล, สมภาพ ประธานธุรารักษ์, นพมาศ สุนทรเจริญนนท์. สมุนไพรยาไทยที่ควรรู้. กรุงเทพฯ: อมรินทร์พริ้นติ้งแอนด์พับลิชชิ่ง จำกัด (มหาชน); 2542.
นิจศิริ เรืองรังษี, ธวัชชัย มังคละคุปต์. สมุนไพรไทย เล่ม 1. กรุงเทพฯ: บี เฮลท์ตี้; 2547.
Wutithamawech W, Tantirungkij M, Liangsakul P. Antibacterial potential of some Thai medicinal plants. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2014;5(1):412-21.
Parekh J, Chanda S. Antibacterial and phytochemical studies on twelve species of Indian medicinal plants. Afr J Biomed Res 2007;10(2):175-81.
Agboke AA, Attama AA, Momoh MA. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of crude extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Crateva adansonii leaves and their interactions. J App Pharm Sci 2011;1(10):85-9.
Thirumalaisamy R, Ammashi S, Muthusamy G. Screening of anti-inflammatory phytocompounds from Crateva adansonii leaf extracts and its validation by in silico modeling. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018;16(2):711-9.
Pervaiz I, Hasnat M, Ahmad S, Khurshid U, Saleem H, Alshammari F, et al. Phytochemical composition, biological propensities, and in-silico studies of Crateva adansonii DC.: A natural source of bioactive compounds. Food Bioscience 2022;49:101890.
Jose S, Thomas TD. High-frequency callus organogenesis, large-scale cultivation and assessment of clonal fidelity of regenerated plants of Curcuma caesia Roxb., an important source of camphor. Agroforest Syst 2015;89(5):779-88.
อัญชลี ศรีจำเริญ. การสกัดดอกกระเจียวแดงและประเมินกิจกรรมต้านอนุมูลอิสระ เปรียบเทียบสภาวะก่อนและหลังการเลียนแบบกระบวนการย่อยอาหาร. วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์ มข 2560;45(4):844-57.
Al Kazman BSM, Harnett JE, Hanrahan JR. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Annonacae. Molecules 2022;27(11):3462.
Emelda A, Arman, Yuliana D, Amin A. Antimicrobial Potency of Passiflora Foetida Linn from South Sulawesi Indonesia Against Bacteria In Vitro. Int J Pharm Technol 2015;7(3):9562-6.
Lukić M, Pantelić I, Savić SD. Towards Optimal pH of the Skin and Topical Formulations: From the Current State of the Art to Tailored Products. Cosmetics 2021;8(3):69.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Huachiew Chalermprakiet Science and Technology Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความทุกบทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของ คณะวิทยาศาสตร์แฟละเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยหัวเฉียวเฉลิมพระเกียรติ
