Production and Characterization of Phytochemical Powder from Indigo-Producing Plants Using Spray Drying
Keywords:
Phytochemicals powder, Indigo-Producing Plants, Encapsulation, Chemical properties, Spray DryingAbstract
This study aimed to extract phytochemicals from indigo-producing plants and determine suitable conditions for producing ready-to-use powders for commercial applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The effects of maltodextrin, used as a carrier and encapsulating agent, at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30% on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of powders derived from four indigo-producing plants, namely Strobilanthes cusia, Strobilanthes auriculata, Indigofera tinctoria L., and Marsdenia tinctoria, were investigated. The results showed that the powders exhibited blue shades ranging from dark to light, with I. tinctoria producing the darkest color, followed by S. cusia, S. auriculata, and M. tinctoria, respectively. were investigated. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and mean differences were determined using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at p < 0.05. All samples showed high solubility (99.96–99.97%), viscosity values of 2.91–3.12, density values of 1.49–1.53 g/cm³, neutral pH (6.5–7.0), approximately 10% moisture content, and water activity ranging from 0.2533 to 0.3767. In addition, true indigo supplemented with 10% maltodextrin exhibited the highest antioxidant activity based on the DPPH and ABTS assays and showed inhibitory activity against certain pathogenic microorganisms. In contrast, the addition of 30% maltodextrin resulted in the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating a lower level of oxidation in the product compared with the other maltodextrin concentrations. Analysis of phytochemical constituents revealed that large-leaf indigo contained the highest levels of tryptanthrin, indirubin, and indigotin, at 4.3317, 2.0380, and 6.3479 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, all phytochemical powders exhibited favorable physical and chemical properties, highlighting their potential for value-added product development and commercial utilization of indigo-producing plants in Phrae Province.
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