THE ROLE OF CLUSTERING TECHNIQUES AND MIXTURE OF EXPERTS ARCHITECTURE BEHIND THE SUCCESS OF DEEPSEEK
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Abstract
This article is an academic review and synthesis of concepts, with the objective of presenting guidelines for the development of artificial intelligence (AI), which is currently confronted with significant challenges, particularly constraints related to computational complexity, intensive resource consumption, and system scalability. Consequently, AI system designers have increasingly focused on developing conceptual frameworks and architectural paradigms that can maintain high computational performance while reducing resource costs. Among the approaches that have attracted considerable attention are clustering techniques, one form of machine learning, and the Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture, which functions to analyze structural and computational interrelationships within models. Clustering techniques aim to discover latent patterns and intrinsic structures within data by leveraging deep representations to group instances with similar characteristics. This mechanism helps reduce the complexity of input data and enhances processing efficiency. In parallel, the MoE architecture embodies a conditional computation paradigm in which a model is divided into multiple specialized sub-networks, or “experts,” and a routing mechanism selectively activates only those components most relevant to a given input. Such an approach enables more efficient resource utilization and improves the scalability of large-scale systems. The integration of clustering techniques with the MoE architecture therefore yields a computational framework capable of reducing computational burden, increasing flexibility, and sustaining high model performance. This conceptual integration reflects a key direction in the development of the AI system “DeepSeek,” which emphasizes efficiency, scalability, and sustainable deployment across diverse application contexts.
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This article is published and copyrighted by the Science and Technology Journal. South East Bangkok University
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