NKRAFA Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 20, No. 2 (July – December 2024), is an academic journal published biannually. It is available both online and in print. The journal is published online through the ThaiJo platform, with ISSN (Online): 2651-1002, and the print edition carries ISSN (Print): 2651-1134. The journal is scheduled to be published twice a year: Issue 1 (January – June) and Issue 2 (July – December).

For this Issue, the editorial team has undertaken quality enhancements and refined the journal’s management processes in preparation for the 5th round of the TCI journal quality assessment in 2025, with the goal of advancing to TCI Tier 1.

As the editorial team, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to all contributing authors for their trust in submitting a total of 10 articles for this issue (9 external articles and 1 internal article). We also extend our heartfelt thanks to the Foundation of Air Chief Marshal Professor Dr. Pisut Riddhagni, our advisory committee, and all esteemed reviewers for generously dedicating their time to assess the quality of the articles and for providing invaluable feedback for improvement.

Lastly, our gratitude goes to all members of the journal production team whose efforts contribute to the completeness of the journal, leading to its success in terms of both quality and quantity in accordance with TCI standards.

Editor-in-Chief
NKRAFA Journal of Science and Technology